读取位图文件：学生反映过的一个由于字节对齐造成的bug_拔剑-浆糊的传说_新浪博客...

One student reported a bug caused by in-memory data alignment, when reading a bitmap file,

it is said that image size and with are always wrong. The fix solution is quite much simple:

You can just simply and temperalily disable data in-memory alignment by calling：

            #pragma pack(push, 1) 

After that BitmapFileheader and BMPheader information could be written faithfully.

#pragma pack(push, 1) 

typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER

{

WORD bfType;  

DWORD bfSize;

WORD bfReserved1;  

WORD bfReserved2;

DWORD bfOffBits;

} BITMAPFILEHEADER;

#pragma pack(pop) //back to whatever the previous packing mode was

==========================================================

//  Source code appended, quite much in C style

//  There is memory leak issue, haha, just let it be la

#include < string.h >    

#include < math.h >      

#include < stdio.h >      

#include < stdlib.h >      

#include < malloc.h >   

#define bool char

#define ture 1

#define false 0

typedef unsigned char BYTE;   

typedef unsigned short WORD;   

typedef unsigned long DWORD;   

typedef long LONG;

// zxg, 临时不允许4字节对齐

#pragma pack(push, 1) // exact fit - no padding

typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER

{

WORD bfType;  

DWORD bfSize; 

WORD bfReserved1;  

WORD bfReserved2; 

DWORD bfOffBits; 

} BITMAPFILEHEADER;

#pragma pack(pop) //back to whatever the previous packing mode was 

// zxg, 临时不允许4字节对齐

#pragma pack(push, 1) // exact fit - no padding

typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER

{

DWORD biSize;     

LONG biWidth;    

LONG biHeight;    

WORD biPlanes;    

WORD biBitCount ;  

DWORD biCompression;  

DWORD biSizeImage;   

LONG biXPelsPerMeter;  

LONG biYPelsPerMeter;  

DWORD biClrUsed;  

DWORD biClrImportant; 

}BITMAPINFOHEADER;

#pragma pack(pop) //back to whatever the previous packing mode was 

typedef struct tagRGBQUAD

{

BYTE rgbBlue;

BYTE rgbGreen;

BYTE rgbRed;

BYTE rgbReserved;

}RGBQUAD;

unsigned char *pBmpBuf = NULL; //pointer that reads the image's data

int bmpWidth; //image' wide

int bmpheight;

RGBQUAD *pColorTable; 

int biBitCount;

bool readBmp(char *bmpName)

{

FILE *fp;

fp =fopen(bmpName,"rb");

if(fp==0)

return 0;

int size1 = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER);

//fseek(fp,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),SEEK_SET);

BITMAPFILEHEADER h1;

fread(&h1,size1,1,fp);

BITMAPINFOHEADER head;

fread(&head, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,fp);

bmpWidth = head.biWidth ;

bmpheight = head.biHeight ;

biBitCount = head.biBitCount ;

int lineByte = (bmpWidth *biBitCount/8+3)/4*4;

if(biBitCount != 24 ) // by zxg

{

// by zxg

int color_table_size = 1;

for(int __k = 0; __k < biBitCount; __k++)

{

color_table_size *= 2;

}

// end by zxg

pColorTable=new RGBQUAD[color_table_size];

fread(pColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD),color_table_size,fp);

}

pBmpBuf = new unsigned char[lineByte*bmpheight];

fread(pBmpBuf,1,lineByte*bmpheight,fp);

fclose(fp);

return 1;

}

bool saveBmp(char *bmpName, unsigned char *imgBuf, int width,int height,int biBitCount,RGBQUAD *pColorTable)

{

if(!imgBuf)

return 0;

int colorTablesize=0;

if(biBitCount==8)

colorTablesize=1024;

int lineByte=(width*biBitCount/8+3)/4*4;

FILE *fp=fopen(bmpName,"wb");

if(fp==0)

return 0;

BITMAPFILEHEADER fileHead;

fileHead.bfType = 0x4D42;

fileHead.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + colorTablesize + lineByte*height;

fileHead.bfReserved1 = 0;

fileHead.bfReserved2 = 0;

fileHead.bfOffBits=54+colorTablesize;

fwrite(&fileHead,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1,fp);

BITMAPINFOHEADER head;

head.biBitCount = biBitCount;

head.biClrImportant =0;

head.biClrUsed =0;

head.biCompression=0;

head.biHeight=height;

head.biPlanes=1;

head.biSize=40;

head.biSizeImage=lineByte*height;

head.biWidth=width;

head.biXPelsPerMeter=0;

head.biYPelsPerMeter=0;

fwrite(&head,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,fp);

// by zxg, start

//if(biBitCount==8) // commented out by zxg

if(biBitCount != 24 ) 

{    

// by zxg

int color_table_size = 1;

for(int __k = 0; __k < biBitCount; __k++)

{

color_table_size *= 2;

}

fwrite(pColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD),color_table_size,fp);

}

    // end by zxg

fwrite(imgBuf, height*lineByte, 1, fp);

fclose(fp);

return 1;

}

void main_24bits()

{

char readPath[]="f:\\lele_24_bits.BMP";

readBmp(readPath);

printf("width=%d,height=%d,biBitCount=%d\n",bmpWidth,bmpheight,biBitCount);

char writePath[]="f:\\lele_24_bits_copy.BMP";

saveBmp(writePath,pBmpBuf,bmpWidth,bmpheight,biBitCount,pColorTable);

delete[]pBmpBuf;

if(biBitCount==8)

delete[]pColorTable;

}

void main_8bits()

{

char readPath[]="f:\\lele_8_bits.BMP";

readBmp(readPath);

printf("width=%d,height=%d,biBitCount=%d\n",bmpWidth,bmpheight,biBitCount);

char writePath[]="f:\\lele_8_bits_copy.BMP";

saveBmp(writePath,pBmpBuf,bmpWidth,bmpheight,biBitCount,pColorTable);

delete[]pBmpBuf;

if(biBitCount==8)

delete[]pColorTable;

}

void main_4bits()

{

char readPath[]="f:\\lele_4_bits.BMP";

readBmp(readPath);

printf("width=%d,height=%d,biBitCount=%d\n",bmpWidth,bmpheight,biBitCount);

char writePath[]="f:\\lele_4_bits_copy.BMP";

saveBmp(writePath,pBmpBuf,bmpWidth,bmpheight,biBitCount,pColorTable);

delete[]pBmpBuf;

if(biBitCount==8)

delete[]pColorTable;

}

int main()

{

    main_24bits();

    main_8bits();

    main_4bits();

}