[LeetCode] Find the Duplicate Number 寻找重复数
Given an array nums containing n + 1 integers where each integer is between 1 and n (inclusive), prove that at least one duplicate number must exist. Assume that there is only one duplicate number, find the duplicate one.
Example 1:
Input: [1,3,4,2,2]
Output: 2
Example 2:
Input: [3,1,3,4,2]
Output: 3
Note:
- You must not modify the array (assume the array is read only).
- You must use only constant, O(1) extra space.
- Your runtime complexity should be less than O(n2).
- There is only one duplicate number in the array, but it could be repeated more than once.
这道题给了我们n+1个数,所有的数都在[1, n]区域内,首先让我们证明必定会有一个重复数,这不禁让我想起了小学华罗庚奥数中的抽屉原理(又叫鸽巢原理), 即如果有十个苹果放到九个抽屉里,如果苹果全在抽屉里,则至少有一个抽屉里有两个苹果,这里就不证明了,直接来做题吧。题目要求我们不能改变原数组,即不能给原数组排序,又不能用多余空间,那么哈希表神马的也就不用考虑了,又说时间小于O(n2),也就不能用brute force的方法,那我们也就只能考虑用二分搜索法了,我们在区间[1, n]中搜索,首先求出中点mid,然后遍历整个数组,统计所有小于等于mid的数的个数,如果个数小于等于mid,则说明重复值在[mid+1, n]之间,反之,重复值应在[1, mid-1]之间,然后依次类推,直到搜索完成,此时的low就是我们要求的重复值,参见代码如下:
1.每次while计算1到n的中间值
2.for循环遍历计算小于等于中间值的个数cnt
3.根据cnt修改上下界
public int findDuplicate(int[] nums) {
int l = 1, h = nums.length - 1;
while (l <= h) {
int mid = l + (h - l) / 2;
int cnt = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
if (nums[i] <= mid) cnt++;
}
if (cnt > mid) h = mid - 1;
else l = mid + 1;
}
return l;
}