【Python爬虫学习】七、淘宝商品价格爬取(成功爬取)
发布于2020-01-31 01:08:41
写在前面:修改request的headers属性,可以跳过登录界面,爬取成功
功能描述:
目标:获取淘宝搜索页面信息,提取其中商品的名称和价格
技术路线:Requests-Re
接口描述:
搜索接口:https://s.taobao.com/search?q=篮球
翻页接口:第二页 https://s.taobao.com/search?q=篮球&s=44
第三页 https://s.taobao.com/search?q=篮球&s=88
程序结构设计:
步骤1:提交商品请求,循环获取页面
步骤2:对于每一个页面,提取商品名称和价格信息
步骤3:将信息输出到屏幕上
代码实现:
备注:用爬虫爬淘宝,得到的页面是登录页面,需要“假登录”,获取头部headers信息,作为参数传给requests.get(url,headers = header),获取方法如下
详细步骤:以Google浏览器为例
1.登录淘宝,进入搜索页,F12
2.选择Network,刷新一下,找到最上方以search?开头的文件,右键
3.选择copy,copy as cURL(bush)
4.在https://curl.trillworks.com/,将上一步复制的内容粘贴到curl command窗口
5.复制右侧的headers内容,在程序中用以变量header保存,作为参数传给requests.get(url,headers=header)
、
#淘宝商品比价
import requests#导入requests库,用于小规模爬取
import re#导入正则表达式
# 获取网页信息
def getHtmlText(url):
try:
header = {
'authority': 's.taobao.com',
'pragma': 'no-cache',
'cache-control': 'no-cache',
'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36',
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'referer': 'https://s.taobao.com/search?q=%E4%B9%A6%E5%8C%85&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'cookie':'cna=v1iCFj5e5HUCAWp5DX0quDsv; hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156; thw=cn; tracknick=shaon1992; tg=0; miid=1632897152788742981; UM_distinctid=16f88fb7505647-021c8a4768c455-c383f64-1fa400-16f88fb7506a97; lgc=shaon1992; enc=bTD3YQaxUUPgMwDFOzNQb7gq%2FH5pgW5AsroLZZNZWAol%2F%2Bq%2FnesRJw6MtTZsB9Nr694mCB7jvjlmb3PQSo3OVA%3D%3D; mt=ci=23_1; t=f85195559e028f48ad19815224752b39; _m_h5_tk=f61d8dd502cb28f5d6db372130b5d45e_1584960506160; _m_h5_tk_enc=a36c7546e631f9f340b6dc44c895175f; tfstk=cC6GBWq-X1R_yzhqNf91DL3u9YeRZEM2rtWCLORQY8cl6tBFilcEa5iTxFbGHj1..; uc3=id2=UUGq1RsrN4lVRg%3D%3D&vt3=F8dBxd9gD5LRH%2BhN35Q%3D&nk2=EFY19v%2BIN9jj&lg2=U%2BGCWk%2F75gdr5Q%3D%3D; uc4=id4=0%40U2OdIeIjT8V0ugGcC5lw5EpiSlBQ&nk4=0%40Eo9LPCpw%2BKOBalOW5iTVFcrXPNw%3D; _cc_=UtASsssmfA%3D%3D; sgcookie=EHwF2Jp4HScWqZwBHzOfu; cookie2=157515f6c454549c82338d09b1970007; _tb_token_=76fe5a3ffb3e8; v=0; alitrackid=item.taobao.com; lastalitrackid=www.taobao.com; uc1=cookie14=UoTUP2D5qVEqyw%3D%3D; JSESSIONID=C3FB11DB6A138C4FEBEEB6CF68BA9B04; l=dBMg_kwlqqvYK87zKOCwdykmBh_OLIRfguyeoWKwi_5Q4_L1lU7OoyHxmEp6cjWAMIxH4cjscS2tZeJgJso4ne2e4AadZxDDB; isg=BBQUyTYnNrtGL6HwNFoBuS4w5VKGbThXLBPCq671_x8imbXjxXzw5_dbmZEBYXCv',
}#隐去了cookie信息和referer信息
r = requests.get(url,headers = header)#获得网页文本
r.raise_for_status()#抛出错误
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding#编码
return r.text#返回文本
except:
print("爬取失败")
return ""#如果错误返回空字符串
# 获取商品信息
def parsePage(ilist,html):
try:
plt = re.findall(r'\"view_price\":\"\d+\.\d*\"',html)#正则匹配,返回值是列表形式
tlt = re.findall(r'\"raw_title\":\".*?\"',html)
#print(tlt)
print(len(plt))
for i in range(len(plt)):#遍历所有的列表中的项
price = eval(plt[i].split('\"')[3])#去掉双引号,以:分割字符串
title = tlt[i].split('\"')[3]
ilist.append([title,price])#把商品信息添加到ilt中
#print(ilist)
except:
print("解析出错")
# 打印信息
def printGoodsList(ilist,num):
print("=====================================================================================================")
tplt = "{0:<3}\t{1:<30}\t{2:>6}"#规定一定的format格式
print(tplt.format("序号","商品名称","价格"))#表头
count = 0
for g in ilist:
count += 1
if count <= num:
print(tplt.format(count,g[0],g[1]))
print("=====================================================================================================")
# 主函数
def main():
goods = "篮球"
depth = 2#爬取深度
start_url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q="+goods#第一页
infoList = []
num = 20
for i in range(depth):
try:
url = start_url + '$S=' + str(44*i)#翻页
html = getHtmlText(url)
parsePage(infoList,html)
except:
continue
printGoodsList(infoList,num)
main()