1.get请求
/**
* Host 要访问的主机
* Connection 连接保持，http1.1有，1.0没有这个。keep-alive可以提高效率，在一定时间里不断开tcp连接，进行下一个请求
* Content-Length 内容长度，指的是后面请求正文的数据长度
* Accept 响应内容格式，也就是返回内容格式
* Origin 这个是源（不是标准http里的内容，因为我访问用的是chrome，是chrome加的）
* User-Agent 用户客户端相关的信息，比如说浏览器呀，操作系统信息之类的
* Content-Type 提交的内容类型，我提及的是json,编码是utf-8
* Referer 来源，访问入口，比如说你在搜索引擎百度里搜索阳光沙滩，进入到网站，那么这个来源就是百度了
* Accept-Encoding 响应内容的编码格式
* Accept-Language 响应内容的语言
* Cookie cookies
*/
private void loadNetwork() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// URL url = new URL("http://192.168.0.107:9102/get/text");
URL url = new URL("http://192.168.0.100:9102/get/text");
// URL url = new URL("http://192.168.230.222:9102/get/text");
// URL url = new URL("https://api.sunofbeaches.com/shop/api/discovery/categories");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(10000); // 设置超时时间
connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 设置请求方式为 “GET”
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9"); // 设置支持的语言
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept","*/*"); // 设置响应内容格式
// connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
// connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
connection.connect();
// 结果码
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
Log.d(TAG, " cfx responseCode = " + responseCode);
if (responseCode == 200) {
Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = connection.getHeaderFields();
Set<Map.Entry<String, List<String>>> entries = headerFields.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : entries) {
String key = entry.getKey();
List<String> value = entry.getValue();
for (String s : value) {
Log.d(TAG, " cfx key = " + key + " --> " + s);
}
}
// 拿到内容
Object content = connection.getContent();
Log.d(TAG, " cfx content = " + content);
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
// Log.d(TAG, " cfx bufferedReader.readLine() = " + bufferedReader.readLine());
String json = bufferedReader.readLine();
Gson gson = new Gson();
GetTextItem getTextItem = gson.fromJson(json, GetTextItem.class);
// 更新UI
updateUi(getTextItem);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, " loadNetwork Exception = " + e);
}
}
}).start();
}请求过程：
1、建立拿到URL
2、通过URL建立HttpURLConnection连接，设置请求头信息，通过connection方法进行连接
3、建立连接后，通过connection.getResponseCode()拿到请求码，判断当前请求连接状态，请求码为HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK(200)表示成功连接
4、连接成功后，通过connection.getContent()拿到请求的内容
5、通过connection.getInputStream()获取输入流
6、通过Gson将读取的内容转换实体bean类（通过gson.fromJson方法）
7、以上操作在子线程完成，拿到实体bean类后，在主线程设置数据，更新UI即可
2.通过网络请求加载大图
/**
* 加载图片，异步线程操作
*/
private void loadPic() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
URL url = new URL(
"https://t7.baidu.com/it/u=1087431467,413818649&fm=167&fmt=auto&app=43&f=JPEG?w=500&h=500&s=612AB1556A8B52DC5B3D318F0300C0E2");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(10000);
connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 设置请求方式为 “GET”
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9"); // 设置支持的语言
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept","*/*"); // 设置响应内容格式
connection.connect();
// 结果码
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
Log.d(TAG, " cfx responseCode = " + responseCode);
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
// 更新UI在主线程
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ImageView pic = findViewById(R.id.pic_iv);
pic.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, " loadPic Exception = " + e);
}
}
}).start();
}/**
* 加载大图片
* 进行降采样处理
*/
private void loadBigPic() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
final ImageView pic = findViewById(R.id.pic_iv);
// 1.根据控件的大小，动态的进行计算降采样的值
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true; // 设置为true会拿到图片的大小，但不会加载到内存
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.bigpicture, options);
// 2.获取当前图片的宽高(获取的是原图片的分辨率)
int outWidth = options.outWidth;
int outHeight = options.outHeight;
Log.d(TAG, "cfx outHeight = " + outHeight + " outWidth = " + outWidth);
// 3.拿到控件的尺寸(获取的是px)
int measuredHeight = pic.getMeasuredHeight();
int measuredWidth = pic.getMeasuredWidth();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx measuredHeight = " + measuredHeight + " measuredWidth = " + measuredWidth);
options.inSampleSize = 1; // 默认等于1时表示原比例，没有进行降采样
// 图片的宽度/控件的宽度
// 图片的高度/控件的高度
int maxHeight = outHeight / measuredHeight;
int maxWidth = outWidth / measuredWidth;
options.inSampleSize = Math.max(maxHeight, maxWidth);
Log.d(TAG, "cfx options.inSampleSize = " + options.inSampleSize);
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; // 置为false，否则返回空对象
final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.bigpicture, options);
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
pic.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
});
}
}).start();
}/**
* 计算降采样率的算法
* @param options
* @param maxWidth
* @param maxHeight
* @return
*/
public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int maxWidth, int maxHeight) {
//这里其实是获取到默认的高度和宽度，也就是图片的实际高度和宽度
final int height = options.outHeight;
final int width = options.outWidth;
//默认采样率为1，也就是不变嘛。
int inSampleSize = 1;
//===============核心算法啦====================
if (width > maxWidth || height > maxHeight) {
if (width > height) {
inSampleSize = Math.round((float) height / (float) maxHeight);
} else {
inSampleSize = Math.round((float) width / (float) maxWidth);
}
final float totalPixels = width * height;
final float maxTotalPixels = maxWidth * maxHeight * 2;
while (totalPixels / (inSampleSize * inSampleSize) > maxTotalPixels) {
inSampleSize++;
}
}
//=============核心算法end================
return inSampleSize;
}请求方法同上面类似，步骤
1、拿到输入流后，通过BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream)转换成Bitmap对象
2、在主线程设置更新UI
3、对于大图，先要进行降采样处理，防止OOM
3、post不带参数请求过程
private void postRequest() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
OutputStream outputStream = null;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(BASE_URL + "post/comment");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(10000); // 设置超时时间
connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置请求方式为 “POST”
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9"); // 设置支持的语言
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*"); // 设置响应内容格式
CommentItem commentItem = new CommentItem("12344321", "这是Post提交的评论内容");
Gson gson = new Gson();
String jsonStr = gson.toJson(commentItem);
byte[] bytes = jsonStr.getBytes("UTF-8");
// 设置长度
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(bytes.length));
// 进行连接
connection.connect();
// 把数据发送给服务端
outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write(bytes);
outputStream.flush();
// 写完之后，拿返回的结果
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
Log.d(TAG, " cfx bufferedReader.readLine() = " + bufferedReader.readLine());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, "Exception = " + e);
} finally {
if (bufferedReader != null) {
try {
bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, " IOException = " + e);
}
}
if (outputStream != null) {
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, " IOException = " + e);
}
}
}
}
}).start();
}步骤：
1、通过URL设置参数信息
2、构建要传输的内容（创建bean对象），通过gson.toJson转换为json对象，并转换为byte数组
3、进行连接，获取数据数据流，将构建的内容写出去
4、拿到返回的结果，通过输入流获取
5、最后关流即可
4、post带参数请求的过程
private void startRequest(Map<String, String> params, String method, String api) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("?");
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = params.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<String, String> next = iterator.next();
sb.append(next.getKey());
sb.append("=");
sb.append(next.getValue());
if (iterator.hasNext()) {
sb.append("&");
}
}
Log.d(TAG, "cfx sb.toString() = " + sb.toString());
String urlStr = BASE_URL + api + sb.toString();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx urlStr = " +urlStr);
URL url = new URL(urlStr);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(10000); // 设置超时时间
connection.setRequestMethod(method); // 设置请求方式为
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9"); // 设置支持的语言
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept","*/*"); // 设置响应内容格式
connection.connect();
// 结果码
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
Log.d(TAG, " cfx responseCode = " + responseCode);
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.d(TAG, "cfx 返回成功");
// 拿到内容
Object content = connection.getContent();
Log.d(TAG, " cfx content = " + content);
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String json = bufferedReader.readLine();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx json = " + json);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, " cfx Exception = " + e);
}
}
}).start();
}总结：先通过sb拼接要提交的参数内容即可
5、post上传单个文件过程
/**
* 上传单个文件
*/
private void postFile() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
OutputStream outputStream = null;
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = null;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
try {
File file = new File("/storage/self/primary/DCIM/Camera/20200130_101215.jpg");
if(!file.exists())
{
file.createNewFile();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx=======");
}
String fileKey = "file";
String fileName = file.getName();
String fileType = "image/jpeg";
String boundary = "----WebKitFormBoundaryShrHmUhavaCdnltz";
URL url = new URL(BASE_URL + "file/upload");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(10000); // 设置超时时间
connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置请求方式为 “POST”
connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Android/" + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT);
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
connection.setRequestProperty("Connection","keep-alive");
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 1.连接
connection.connect();
outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
// 2.准备数据
StringBuilder headerSbInfo = new StringBuilder(); // 头部信息
headerSbInfo.append("--");
headerSbInfo.append(boundary);
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
headerSbInfo.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + fileKey + "\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"");
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
headerSbInfo.append("Content-Type: " + fileType);
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
Log.d(TAG, "cfx headerSbInfo.toString() = " + headerSbInfo.toString());
byte[] headerInfoBytes = headerSbInfo.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
outputStream.write(headerInfoBytes);
/**
* 3.文件内容
* 注意有时文件上传不成功
* 可能是因为图片文件的内存太大了
*/
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = bufferedInputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
Log.d(TAG, "cfx len = " + len);
outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
// 4.写尾部信息
StringBuilder footerSbInfo = new StringBuilder();
footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
footerSbInfo.append("--");
footerSbInfo.append(boundary);
footerSbInfo.append("--");
footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
Log.d(TAG, "cfx footerSbInfo.toString() = " + footerSbInfo.toString());
byte[] footerSbBytes = footerSbInfo.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
outputStream.write(footerSbBytes);
outputStream.flush();
// 获取返回结果
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx responseCode = " + responseCode);
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.d(TAG, "cfx POST上传文件成功");
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
Log.d(TAG, "cfx " + bufferedReader.readLine());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, " postFile Exception = " + e);
} finally {
if (bufferedReader != null) {
try {
bufferedReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "postFile bufferedReader IOException " + e);
}
}
if (bufferedInputStream != null) {
try {
bufferedInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "postFile bufferedInputStream IOException " + e);
}
}
if (outputStream != null) {
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "postFile outputStream IOException " + e);
}
}
}
}
}).start();
}步骤1：通过文件所在的路径创建File
2、建立起Url，并设置相应的参数进行连接
3、先准备上传文件的头部信息字符串，并转为字节数组，通过输出流写出去
4、准备文件输入流，读取文件，边读变通过输出流写出去
5、写尾部信息，写完通过连接的输入流获取返回的结果
6、最后关流即可
6、post上传多个文件
// 上传多个文件
private void postFileMore() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
OutputStream outputStream = null;
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = null;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
try {
File file = new File("/storage/self/primary/DCIM/Camera/20200130_101215.jpg");
File file2 = new File("/storage/self/primary/DCIM/Camera/20201030_153627.jpg");
File file3 = new File("/storage/self/primary/DCIM/Camera/20210214_204403.jpg");
if(!file.exists()) {
file.createNewFile();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx=======");
}
if(!file2.exists()) {
file2.createNewFile();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx=======");
}
if(!file3.exists()) {
file3.createNewFile();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx=======");
}
String fileKey = "files";
String fileName = file.getName();
String fileName2 = file2.getName();
String fileName3 = file3.getName();
String fileType = "image/jpeg";
String boundary = "----WebKitFormBoundaryShrHmUhavaCdnltz";
URL url = new URL(BASE_URL + "files/upload");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(10000); // 设置超时时间
connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置请求方式为 “POST”
connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Android/" + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT);
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
connection.setRequestProperty("Connection","keep-alive");
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 1.连接
connection.connect();
outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
// 2.准备数据
uploadFiles(outputStream, bufferedInputStream, file, fileKey, fileName, fileType, boundary,
false); // 文件1
uploadFiles(outputStream, bufferedInputStream, file2, fileKey, fileName2, fileType, boundary,
false); // 文件2
uploadFiles(outputStream, bufferedInputStream, file3, fileKey, fileName3, fileType, boundary,
true); // 文件3（最后一个文件）
outputStream.flush();
// 获取返回结果
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx responseCode = " + responseCode);
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.d(TAG, "cfx POST上传多个文件成功");
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
Log.d(TAG, "cfx " + bufferedReader.readLine());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, " postFile Exception = " + e);
} finally {
CloseIo.CloseIoStream(bufferedReader);
CloseIo.CloseIoStream(bufferedInputStream);
CloseIo.CloseIoStream(outputStream);
}
}
}).start();
}
// 上传文件
private void uploadFiles(OutputStream outputStream, BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream, File file,
String fileKey, String fileName, String fileType,
String boundary, boolean isLastFile) throws IOException {
StringBuilder headerSbInfo = new StringBuilder(); // 头部信息
headerSbInfo.append("--");
headerSbInfo.append(boundary);
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
headerSbInfo.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + fileKey + "\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"");
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
headerSbInfo.append("Content-Type: " + fileType);
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
headerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
Log.d(TAG, "cfx headerSbInfo.toString() = " + headerSbInfo.toString());
byte[] headerInfoBytes = headerSbInfo.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
outputStream.write(headerInfoBytes);
/**
* 3.文件内容
* 注意有时文件上传不成功
* 可能是因为图片文件的内存太大了
*/
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = bufferedInputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
Log.d(TAG, "cfx len = " + len);
outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
// 4.写尾部信息
StringBuilder footerSbInfo = new StringBuilder();
footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
if (isLastFile) { // 是否是最后一个文件
footerSbInfo.append("--");
footerSbInfo.append(boundary);
footerSbInfo.append("--");
footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
footerSbInfo.append("\r\n");
}
Log.d(TAG, "cfx footerSbInfo.toString() = " + footerSbInfo.toString());
byte[] footerSbBytes = footerSbInfo.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
outputStream.write(footerSbBytes);
}7、get下载文件过程
// 下载文件
private void downloadFile() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(BASE_URL + "download/5");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(10000); // 设置超时时间
connection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 设置请求方式为 “GET”
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.9"); // 设置支持的语言
connection.connect();
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
// Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = connection.getHeaderFields();
// for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> stringListEntry : headerFields.entrySet()) {
// Log.d(TAG, "cfx " + stringListEntry.getKey() + ": " + stringListEntry.getValue());
// }
// Log.d(TAG, "cfx " + connection.getHeaderField("Content-disposition"));
String headerField = connection.getHeaderField("Content-disposition");
int index = headerField.indexOf("filename=");
String fileName = headerField.substring(index + "filename=".length()); // 拿到下载的图片名称
Log.d(TAG, "cfx fileName = " + fileName);
// 拿到文件名称后，创建File，要保存在固定的路径下面
// File externalFileDir =
// RequestTestActivity.this.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES); // 没有权限
// Log.d(TAG, "cfx externalFileDir = " + externalFileDir);
// 保存到 /storage/self/primary/DCIM/Camera/路径下面
String filePath = "/storage/self/primary/DCIM/Camera/" + fileName;
Log.d(TAG, "cfx filePath = " + filePath);
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.createNewFile();
}
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
bufferedInputStream= new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = bufferedInputStream.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1) {
fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
fileOutputStream.flush();
Log.d(TAG, "cfx 下载文件成功");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, "cfx downloadFile Exception: " + e);
} finally {
CloseIo.CloseIoStream(fileOutputStream);
CloseIo.CloseIoStream(inputStream);
CloseIo.CloseIoStream(bufferedInputStream);
}
}
}).start();
}步骤1：拼接Url获取连接
2、通过connection.getHeaderField("Content-disposition")获取文件名称信息，并进行截取获取文件名
3、构建文件的路径，创建File，创建FileOutputStream
4、通过输入流，进行边读边写，最后关流即可
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