JAVA打怪之路 - 网络编程

网络编程

网络编程更偏向于概念学习和理解，直接或间接的通过网络协议与其他的计算机实现数据交换，进行通讯，同时也对如何高效的进行数据传输引起了新的研究。

一、网络编程和网络通信要素概述

① 基本概述

网络通信协议：

② 通信要素一：IP和端口号

③ InetAddress类


示例：

InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inet2);
InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inet3);
//获取本地ip
InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inet4);
//getHostName()  获取本地主机名
System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());
//getHostAddress()   获取主机ip地址
System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());

③ 通信要素二：网络协议


④ Socket类

二、TCP网络编程



TCP编程实例：客户端发送文件给服务端，服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端，并关闭相应的连接。

/*
    这里涉及到的异常，应该使用try-catch-finally处理
     */
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
    //1.
    Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
    //2.
    OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
    //3.
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
    //4.
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
        os.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    //关闭数据的输出
    socket.shutdownOutput();

    //5.接收来自于服务器端的数据，并显示到控制台上
    InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
    int len1;
    while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
        baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
    }
    System.out.println(baos.toString());
    //6.
    fis.close();
    os.close();
    socket.close();
    baos.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常，应该使用try-catch-finally处理
 */
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
    //1.
    ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
    //2.
    Socket socket = ss.accept();
    //3.
    InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
    //4.
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg"));
    //5.
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
        fos.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    System.out.println("图片传输完成");
    //6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
    OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
    os.write("你好，美女，照片我已收到，非常漂亮！".getBytes());
    //7.
    fos.close();
    is.close();
    socket.close();
    ss.close();
    os.close();
}

三、UDP网络编程


UDP编程实例：

/发送端
@Test
public void sender() throws IOException {
    DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
    String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹";
    byte[] data = str.getBytes();
    InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);
    socket.send(packet);
    socket.close();
}
//接收端
@Test
public void receiver() throws IOException {
    DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
    byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
    socket.receive(packet);
    System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
    socket.close();
}

四、URL网络编程

public String getProtocol(  )      //  获取该URL的协议名
public String getHost(  )          //  获取该URL的主机名
public String getPort(  )          //  获取该URL的端口号
public String getPath(  )          // 获取该URL的文件路径
public String getFile(  )          // 获取该URL的文件名
public String getQuery(   )        //  获取该URL的查询名

针对HTTP协议的URLConnection类：

URL编程实例：在URL地址中下载图片到模块

public static void main(String[] args) {
    HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
    InputStream is = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    try {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg");
        urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        urlConnection.connect();
        is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        fos = new FileOutputStream("day10\\beauty3.jpg");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println("下载完成");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        //关闭资源
        if(is != null){
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(fos != null){
            try {
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(urlConnection != null){
            urlConnection.disconnect();
        }
    }