RecycleView的使用讲解

该控件用于在有限的窗口中展示大量数据集，其实这样功能的控件我们并不陌生，例如：ListView、GridView。
有了ListView、GridView为什么还需要RecyclerView这样的控件呢？
RecyclerView架构，提供了一种插拔式的体验，高度的解耦，异常的灵活，通过设置它提供的不同LayoutManager，ItemDecoration , ItemAnimator实现漂亮的效果。
*控制其显示的方式，请通过布局管理器LayoutManager
*控制Item间的间隔（可绘制），请通过ItemDecoration
*控制Item增删的动画，请通过ItemAnimator
*控制点击、长按事件,推荐使用接口回调实现

话不多说,上代码
哦,对了,忘了添加依赖了!
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:26.0.0-alpha1'
在布局里来一个recycleview

<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recyclerview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:divider="#ff0000"
        android:dividerHeight="5dp" />

菜单(这个文件要在res目录下新建一个menu文件并存入)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <item
        android:id="@+id/item1"
        android:title="ListView"
        app:showAsAction="never"></item>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/item2"
        android:title="GridView"
        app:showAsAction="never"></item>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/item3"
        android:title="WaterFall"
        app:showAsAction="never"></item>
</menu>

recycleview的item布局
嘿嘿,只有一个TextView,暂时简单一点吧!

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/list_item"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="40dp" />

</LinearLayout>

由于是简单使用,所以暂时使用自定义的数据

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private RecyclerView recyclerview;
    private ArrayList<String> list;
    private MyAdapter myAdapter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();//加载recycleview控件
        initData();//初始化数据
        myAdapter = new MyAdapter();
        //设置布局管理器<主要是规定显示数据的方式>
        recyclerview.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        //设置适配器
        recyclerview.setAdapter(myAdapter);
        //添加分割线(这个分割线是系统默认的)
        recyclerview.addItemDecoration(new ItemDirection(this, ItemDirection.VERTICAL_LIST));
        //添加条目的变更动画(这个动画也是系统默认的,也可以自定义)
        recyclerview.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());
        //item的点击事件
        myAdapter.setItemClick(new OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void OnItemClick(View view, int position) {
                //看看点击的Item是哪个
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "" + list.get(position), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    //创建菜单选项(就是标题栏右上角的点击菜单)
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu, menu);
        return true;
    }

    //菜单的点击事件
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.item1:
                //LinearLayoutManager()是以listview的方式显示数据
                recyclerview.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
                break;
            case R.id.item2:
                //GridLayoutManager()是以GridView的方式显示数据
                recyclerview.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this, 2));
                break;
            case R.id.item3:
                //StaggeredGridLayoutManager()是以瀑布流的方式显示数据,就像快手那样,懂了吧!
                recyclerview.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(2, StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));
                break;

        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    //初始化模拟数据
    private void initData() {
        list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
            list.add("" + (char) i);
        }
    }

    //加载控件
    private void initView() {
        recyclerview = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recyclerview);
    }
    /*
    *RecyclerView侧重的是布局的灵活性，虽说可以替代ListView但是连基本的点击事件都没有
    *定义接口,给点击事件使用,原理嘛,嘿嘿,类似于考试写个人信息给老师看
    *最终目的 模拟ListView的setOnItemClickListener()方法，调用者只须调用类似于setOnItemClickListener的东西就能获得被点击item的相关数据。
    原理
    为RecyclerView的每个子item设置setOnClickListener，然后在onClick中再调用一次对外封装的接口，将这个事件传递给外面的调用者。而“为RecyclerView的每个子item设置setOnClickListener”在Adapter中设置。其实直接在onClick中也能完全处理item的点击事件，但是这样会破坏代码的逻辑。
    */
    private interface OnItemClickListener {
        public void OnItemClick(View view, int position);
    }
    //设置适配器<注意,一定是要继承自recycleview的适配器>
    public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyViewHolder> {
        private OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener;

        //创建viewholder实例
        @Override
        public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            //加载recycleview的布局
            View view = View.inflate(MainActivity.this, R.layout.listview, null);
            //调用viewholder,把布局传进去
            MyViewHolder myViewHolder = new MyViewHolder(view);
            return myViewHolder;
        }

        //给item绑定数据
        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(final MyViewHolder holder, final int position) {
            holder.item.setText(list.get(position));
            //调用接口,模拟点击
            holder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    //调用接口里的点击方法,传入布局和索引
                    onItemClickListener.OnItemClick(holder.itemView, position);
                }
            });
        }

        //条目的数量
        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return list.size();
        }

        //定义一个公共方法,当外部类调用时可以通过此方法点击item
        public void setItemClick(OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener) {
            this.onItemClickListener = onItemClickListener;
        }
    }

    //使用viewholder优化布局<继承recycle的Viewholder>
    private class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        private TextView item;
        //注:itemview就是传递过来的布局文件
        public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            item = itemView.findViewById(R.id.list_item);
        }
    }
}

自定义分割线的类

(这是借鉴朋友的,好像用的不是很好,当然,可以借此学习自定义的原理)

public class ItemDirection extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
    private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{
            android.R.attr.listDivider
    };

    public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL;

    public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;

    private Drawable mDivider;

    private int mOrientation;

    public ItemDirection(Context context, int orientation) {
        final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
        mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
        a.recycle();
        setOrientation(orientation);
    }

    public void setOrientation(int orientation) {
        if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid orientation");
        }
        mOrientation = orientation;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {

        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
            drawVertical(c, parent);
        } else {
            drawHorizontal(c, parent);
        }

    }


    public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
        final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
        final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView v = new android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView(parent.getContext());
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
            final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
        final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
        final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
            final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
            outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
        } else {
            outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
        }
    }
}

当然,分割线不只是以上两种方法(一种是系统默认的,一种是使用recyclerview来自定义view),其实还有一种方法

在项目的drawable目录下创建一个样式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <gradient
        android:startColor="#ff0000ff"
        android:centerColor="#ffff0000"
        android:endColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:type="linear"></gradient>
    <!-- 分割线高度 -->
    <size android:height="2dp"></size>
</shape>
接着只需要在style中引用就行了

<resources>
    <!-- Base application theme. -->
    <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
        <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
        <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
        <item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
        <!--引入分割线-->
        <item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/devideritem</item>
    </style>

</resources>