SpringMvc基础（五）：高级配置

1.功能

（1）文件上传配置

（2）自定义的HttpMessageConverter

（3）服务器端推送技术

 

2.文件上传配置

（1）概念

文件上传是常用功能，通过MuitipartResolver来上传文件。通过MultipartFile file来接受文件，通过MultipartFiles[] files 来接受多个文件

（2）示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.wisely</groupId>
  <artifactId>hightlight_springmvc7</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>hightlight_springmvc7 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
     <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax</groupId>
    	<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
    	<version>7.0</version>
    	<scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    	<version>4.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    	<version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    	<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    	<version>3.1.0</version>
    	<scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    	<version>2.2</version>
    	<scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    	<version>4.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    	<version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>log4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    	<version>1.2.16</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
    	<version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    	<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
    	<version>1.0.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    	<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
    	<version>1.0.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    	<artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
    	<version>1.0.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    	<version>2.5.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    	<version>2.5.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    	<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    	<version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    	<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    	<version>2.3</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>hightlight_springmvc7</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
         <plugin>
        	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
			<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
			<version>2.3.2</version>
			<configuration>
				<source>${java.version}</source>
				<target>${java.version}</target>
			</configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
        	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        	<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        	<version>2.3</version>
        	<configuration>
        		<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
        	</configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>upload File</title>
</head>
<body>
	<div class="upload">
		<form action="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
			<input type="file" name="file"/><br/>
			<input type="submit" value="上传"/>
		</form>
	</div>
</body>
</html>

注：multipartResolver必须是这个名字，不能变 

//快捷viewController
	@Override
	public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
		registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("/index");
		registry.addViewController("/toUpload").setViewName("/upload");
	}
	

//文件上传
	@Bean
	public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
		CommonsMultipartResolver resolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
		resolver.setMaxUploadSize(1000000);
		return resolver;
	}

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.web.chi4_5;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

@Controller
public class UploadController {

	@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method= RequestMethod.POST)
	public @ResponseBody String upload(MultipartFile file){
		try {
			FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(new File("D:/eclipse/1/"+file.getOriginalFilename()), file.getBytes());
			return "ok";
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
			return "wrong";
		}
	}
}

3.自定义HttpMessageConverter

（1）概念

HttpMessageConverter是用来处理request和response里的数据的。下面演示自定义的HttpMessageConverter，并注册这个HttpMessageConverter到SpringMvc

（2）示例

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.messageConverter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.HttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.AbstractHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException;
import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;

import com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.domain.DemoObj;


public class MyMessageConverter extends AbstractHttpMessageConverter<DemoObj> {

	public MyMessageConverter(){
		//新建一个自定义的媒体类型application/x-wisely
		super(new MediaType("application","x-wisely",Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
	}
	
	//处理请求的数据。处理用“-”隔开的数据，并转成DemoObj对象
	@Override
	protected DemoObj readInternal(Class<? extends DemoObj> clazz,
			HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException,
			HttpMessageNotReadableException {
		String temp = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputMessage.getBody(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
		String[] tempArr = temp.split("-");
		return new DemoObj(new Long(tempArr[0]),tempArr[1]);
	}

	//只处理DemoObj这个类
	@Override
	protected boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
		return DemoObj.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
	}

	//处理输出数据。原样输出前面加hello
	@Override
	protected void writeInternal(DemoObj obj, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
			throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
		String out = "hello:"+obj.getId()+"-"+obj.getName();
		outputMessage.getBody().write(out.getBytes());
		
	}

}

//快捷viewController
	@Override
	public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
		registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("/index");
		registry.addViewController("/toUpload").setViewName("/upload");
		registry.addViewController("/converter").setViewName("/converter");
	}	

    @Bean
	public MyMessageConverter converter(){
		return new MyMessageConverter();
	}
	
	//配置自定义的HttpMessageConverter
	@Override
	public void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
		converters.add(converter());
	}

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.web.chi4_5;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.domain.DemoObj;

@Controller
public class ConverterController {

	//指定返回的媒体类型为自定义的application/x-wisely
	@RequestMapping(value="/convert",produces={"application/x-wisely"})
	public @ResponseBody DemoObj convert(@RequestBody DemoObj demoObj){
		return demoObj;
	}
}

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<div id="resp"></div>
	<input type="button" onclick="req();" value="请求"/>
	
	<script type="text/javascript" src="assets/js/jquery-3.4.1.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		function req(){
			$.ajax({
				url:"convert",
				data:"1-penggege",
				type:"POST",
				contentType:"application/x-wisely",
				success:function(data){
					$("#resp").html(data);
				}
			});
		}
	</script>
</body>
</html>

4.服务器端推送技术

（1）概念

以前的办法是使用ajax向服务器轮询消息，使浏览器尽可能第一时间获得服务器的消息。但是这样轮询频率不好控制，增大了服务器压力。

现在服务器推送方案基于：当客户端向服务器发送请求后，服务器会抓住这个请求不放，等有数据更新的时候才返回客户端。客户端收到消息后，再向服务器发送请求。周而复始，可大大减少服务器的请求数量。

示例两种方法：

方法一：SSE（服务端发送事件）

方法二：基于Servlet3.0+的异步方法特性

还可以通过双向通信技术：WebSocket。在SpringBoot中演示

 

（2）示例1：SSE（服务端发送事件）

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.web.chi4_5;

import java.util.Random;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class SseController {

	//输出的媒体类型是text/event-stream，这是服务器端SSE的支持
	@RequestMapping(value="/push",produces="text/event-stream")
	public @ResponseBody String push(){
		Random r = new Random();
		try {
			Thread.sleep(5000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return "data:Test 1,2,3,"+r.nextInt()+"\n\n";
	}
}

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>SSE Demo</title>
</head>
<body>

	<div id="msgFromPush"></div>

	<script type="text/javascript" src="assets/js/jquery-3.4.1.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		if(!!window.EventSource){
			var source = new EventSource('push');//SSE的客户端，只有新式浏览器才有
			s='';
			source.addEventListener('message',function(e){
				s+=e.data+"<br/>";
				$("#msgFromPush").html(s);
			})
			
			source.addEventListener('open',function(e){
				console.log("打开连接：");
			},false);
			
			source.addEventListener('error',function(e){
				if(e.readyState == EventSource.CLOSED){
					console.log("连接关闭");
				}else{
					console.log(e.readyState);
				}
			},false);
		}else{
			console.log("你的浏览器不支持SSE");
		}
	</script>
</body>
</html>

//快捷viewController
	@Override
	public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
		registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("/index");
		registry.addViewController("/toUpload").setViewName("/upload");
		registry.addViewController("/converter").setViewName("/converter");
		registry.addViewController("/sse").setViewName("/sse");
	}

（3）示例2：基于Servlet3.0+的异步方法特性

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

/**
 * 实现WebApplicationInitializer可以替代xml
 */
public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
	@Override
	public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
		AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
		context.register(MyMvcConfig.class);
		context.setServletContext(servletContext);//新建WebApplicationContext，注册配置类，并与servletContext关联
		
		//注册SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet
		Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(context));
		servlet.addMapping("/");
		servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
		servlet.setAsyncSupported(true);//开启异步方法支持
		
	}
}

//快捷viewController
	@Override
	public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
		registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("/index");
		registry.addViewController("/toUpload").setViewName("/upload");
		registry.addViewController("/converter").setViewName("/converter");
		registry.addViewController("/sse").setViewName("/sse");
		registry.addViewController("/async").setViewName("/async");
	}

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>servlet async support</title>
</head>
<body>

	<script type="text/javascript" src="assets/js/jquery-3.4.1.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		deferred();
		
		function deferred(){
			$.get('defer',function(data){
				console.log(data);
				deferred();
			});
		}
	</script>
</body>
</html>

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.service;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.async.DeferredResult;

@Service
public class PushService {
	private DeferredResult<String> deferredResult;
	
	public DeferredResult<String> getAsyncUpdate(){
		deferredResult = new DeferredResult<String>();
		return deferredResult;
	}
	
	@Scheduled(fixedDelay=5000)
	public void refresh(){
		if(deferredResult != null){
			deferredResult.setResult(new Long(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString());
		}
	}
}

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.web.chi4_5;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.async.DeferredResult;

import com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.service.PushService;

@Controller
public class AysncController {

	@Autowired
	PushService pushService;
	
	@RequestMapping("/defer")
	@ResponseBody
	public DeferredResult<String> deferredCall(){
		return pushService.getAsyncUpdate();
	}
}