SpringMvc基础（六）：SpringMvc的测试

（1）概念

测试很重要，大家都知道。前面也讲过不启动项目就可以进行的简单测试的方法。这里主要进行和SpringMvc相关的测试，主要涉及控制器的测试。

有人会有疑问，起项目然后点点测试不是一样嘛，又不是特别麻烦。这涉及到一个概念：测试驱动开发。

测试驱动开发：设计人员按照需求先写一个自己预期结果的测试用例，不断地编码和重构，让测试用例通过，这样才能保证软件的质量和可控性

（2）使用

==>使用@WebAppConfiguration指定加载的ApplicationContext是一个WebApplicationContext

==>借助Junit演示对普通页面转向的控制器的测试

==>借助Spring TestContext framework演示对RestController的测试

（3）示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.wisely</groupId>
  <artifactId>hightlight_springmvc7</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>hightlight_springmvc7 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
     <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax</groupId>
    	<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
    	<version>7.0</version>
    	<scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    	<version>4.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    	<version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    	<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    	<version>3.1.0</version>
    	<scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    	<version>2.2</version>
    	<scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    	<version>4.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    	<version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>log4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    	<version>1.2.16</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
    	<version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    	<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
    	<version>1.0.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    	<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
    	<version>1.0.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    	<artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
    	<version>1.0.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    	<version>2.5.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    	<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    	<version>2.5.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    	<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    	<version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    	<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    	<version>2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    	<version>4.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    	<scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>hightlight_springmvc7</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
         <plugin>
        	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
			<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
			<version>2.3.2</version>
			<configuration>
				<source>${java.version}</source>
				<target>${java.version}</target>
			</configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
        	<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        	<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        	<version>2.3</version>
        	<configuration>
        		<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
        	</configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class DemoService {

	public String saySomething(){
		return "hello";
	}
}

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.web.chi4_6;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.forwardedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpSession;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.MyMvcConfig;
import com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.service.DemoService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { MyMvcConfig.class })
@WebAppConfiguration("src/main/resources")
public class TestControllerIntegrationTests {
	private MockMvc MockMvc;// 模拟MVC对象

	@Autowired
	private DemoService demoService;

	@Autowired
	WebApplicationContext wac;

	@Autowired
	MockHttpSession session;// 模拟session

	@Autowired
	MockHttpServletRequest request;// 模拟request

	@Before
	// 测试开始前的初始化
	// 声明加载的ApplicationContext是WebApplicationContext
	public void setup() {
		this.MockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
	}

	@Test
	public void testNormalController() throws Exception {
		MockMvc.perform(get("/normal"))
				.andExpect(status().isOk())
				.andExpect(view().name("page"))
				.andExpect(forwardedUrl("/WEB-INF/classes/views/page.jsp"))
				.andExpect(model().attribute("msg", demoService.saySomething()));
	}

	@Test
	public void testRestController() throws Exception {
		MockMvc.perform(get("/testRest")).andExpect(status().isOk())
				.andExpect(content().contentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8"))
				.andExpect(content().string(demoService.saySomething()));
	}

}

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>@ControllerAdvice Demo</title>
</head>
<body>

<div>
Welcome to Spring Mvc 
</div>
</body>
</html>

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.web.chi4_6;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.service.DemoService;

@Controller
public class NormalController {

	@Autowired
	public DemoService demoService;
	
	@RequestMapping("/normal")
	public String testPage(Model model){
		model.addAttribute("msg",demoService.saySomething());
		return "page";
	}
}

package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.web.chi4_6;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.wisely.highlight_springmvc7.service.DemoService;

@RestController
public class MyRestController {

	@Autowired
	DemoService demoService;
	
	@RequestMapping(value="/testRest",produces="text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
	public @ResponseBody String testRest(){
		return demoService.saySomething();
	}
}