SpringCloud微服务搭建流程

一、Consul注册中心

1.访问Consul官网，下载Consul服务，地址：https://www.consul.io/downloads
2.给某个微服务mango-monitor的pom.xml文件添加Consul依赖

</dependencies>
    <!--consul-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>
    <!--srping cloud-->
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Hoxton.SR9</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

3.修改配置文件application.yaml

server:
  port: 8000
spring:
  application:
    name: mango-monitor
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        serviceName: ${spring.application.name}	# 注册到consul的服务名称
# 开放健康检查接口
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: ALWAYS

4.修改启动类,添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解

@EnableAdminServer
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MangoMonitorApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(MangoMonitorApplication.class, args);
	}
}

二、服务消费

使用Ribbon进行负载均衡，使用Feign进行声明式服务调用。Feign封装了Ribbon。

1.给服务提供者和服务消费者的pom.xml添加依赖

<!--服务监控-->
</dependencies>
     <dependency>
    <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.boot.admin.version}</version>
	</dependency>
<!--consul-->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
		<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
		<type>pom</type>
		<scope>import</scope>
	</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

对于Feign要引入依赖

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
		</dependency>

2.添加配置application.yaml

server:
  port: 8003
spring:
  application:
    name: mango-producer
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        serviceName: ${spring.application.name}	# 注册到consul的服务名称
  boot:
    admin:
      client:
        url: "http://localhost:8000"
# 开放健康检查接口
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: ALWAYS

3.修改启动类

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MangoProducerApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(MangoProducerApplication.class, args);
	}
}

4.对于服务消费者，可以注入服务发现客户端和负载均衡客户端

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ServiceController {

    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

   /**
     * 获取所有服务
     */
    @RequestMapping("/services")
    public Object services() {
        return discoveryClient.getInstances("mango-producer");
    }

    /**
     * 从所有服务中选择一个服务（轮询），大多数采用这种方式调用
     */
    @RequestMapping("/discover")
    public Object discover() {
        return loadBalancerClient.choose("mango-producer").getUri().toString();
    }
}

@RestController
public class CallHelloController {

    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancer;

    @RequestMapping("/call")
    public String call() {
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.choose("mango-producer");
        System.out.println("服务地址：" + serviceInstance.getUri());
        System.out.println("服务名称：" + serviceInstance.getServiceId());
        //通过RestTemplate远程调用
        String callServiceResult = new RestTemplate().getForObject(serviceInstance.getUri().toString() + "/hello", String.class);
        System.out.println(callServiceResult);
        return callServiceResult;
    }

}

5.实际负载均衡的调用,修改启动类，注入RestTemplate

@EnableFeignClients 
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MangoConsumerApplication {
	
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MangoConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
    
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

@RestController
public class RibbonHelloController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    @RequestMapping("/ribbon/call")
    public String call() {
        // 调用服务, service-producer为注册的服务名称，LoadBalancerInterceptor会拦截调用并根据服务名找到对应的服务
        String callServiceResult = restTemplate.getForObject("http://mango-producer/hello", String.class);
        return callServiceResult;
    }
}

三、服务熔断（Hystrix）

因为Feign已经依赖Hystrix了，所以maven上不用做配置。
1.修改application.yaml文件

# 开启熔断器
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

2.创建回调类，添加fallback属性

@FeignClient(name = "mango-producer", fallback = MangoProducerHystrix.class)
public interface MangoProducerService {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello();
    
}
@Component
public class MangoProducerHystrix implements MangoProducerService {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
    	return "sorry, hello service call failed.";
    }
}

四、服务网关

1.添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.修改启动类，添加注解@EnableZuulProxy

@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
public class MangoZuulApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(MangoZuulApplication.class, args);
	}
}

3.修改配置文件

server:
  port: 8010
spring:
  application:
    name: mango-zuul
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        serviceName: ${spring.application.name}    # 注册到consul的服务名称
zuul:
  routes:
    ribbon:
      path: /ribbon/**
      serviceId: mango-consumer  # 转发到消费者 /ribbon/
    feign:
      path: /feign/**
      serviceId: mango-consumer  # 转发到消费者 /feign/