2020.2.21 缓冲流、转换流

缓冲流

FileInputStream,FileOutputStream,FileReader,FileWriter这些都是计算机与硬盘之间发生的io操作，基于硬盘的读写相对是比较慢的，这个操作的速度受到硬盘的读写速度的制约，为了能够提高读写速度，于是产生了缓冲流。

缓冲流基于内存，先把数据缓冲到内存中，再内存去做io操作，基于内存的io操作，比基于硬盘的io操作快75000多倍。

缓冲字节输入流BufferedInputStream：

public static void testBufferedInputStream(){
  // 文件字节输入流对象
   FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(".....");
   //把文件字节输入流放到缓冲字节输入流对象
   BufferedInputStream br = new BufferedInputStream(in);
   
   byte[] b = new byte[10];
   int len = 0;
   while((len = br.read(b)) != -1){
      System.out.println(new String(b,0,len));
   }

   //关闭流时，最晚开的最早关
   br.close();
   in.close();
}

缓冲字节输出流BufferedOutputStream:

public static void testBufferedOutputStream(){
   FileOutputStram out = new FileOutputStream("...");
   BufferedOutputStream bo = new BufferedOutputStream(out);

   String s = "...";
   bo.write(s.getBytes());//转换成btye数组，写道内存中

   bo.flush();//刷到硬盘上

   bo.close();
   out.close();   
}

缓冲流实现文件的复制：

public static void copyFile(){
   //缓冲输入流
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(".....");
    BufferedInputStream br = new BufferedInputStream(in);
   //缓冲输出流
   FileOutputStram out = new FileOutputStream("...");
   BufferedOutputStream bo = new BufferedOutputStream(out);

   byte[] b = new byte[1024];

   int len = 0;

   while((len = br.read()) != -1){
      bo.write(b,0,len);//写到内存中
   }
   bo.flush();//刷到硬盘

   bo.close();
   out.close();
   br.close();
   in.close();
}

缓冲字符流BufferedReader：

public static void testBufferedReader(){
   FileReader r = new FileReader("...");
   BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(r);

   char[] c = new char[100];
   while((len = br.read(c)) != -1){
      System.out.println(new String(c,0,len));
   }

   br.close();
   r.close();
}

br.read( c )读到文件最后一个字符的下一位，返回值是-1。

缓冲字符输出流BufferedWriter:

public static void testBufferedWriter(){
   FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("...");
   BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);

   String s = "...";
   bw.write(s);
   bw.flush();
  
   bw.close();
   fw.close();
}

缓冲字符流实现文件的复制：

public static void copyFile(){
   FileReader r = new FileReader("...");
   BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(r);

   FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("...");
   BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
   
   char[] c = new char[1024];

   while((len = br.read(c)) != -1){
       bw.write(c,0,len);
   }
   bw.flush();

   bw.close();
   fw.close();
   br.close();
   r.close();
}

转换流

所有的文件都有编码格式，对于我们来说，TXT和Java文件一般来讲有三种编码：
ISO8859-1，西欧编码，是纯粹的英文编码，不适应汉字；
GBK和UTF-8，这两种编码是适用于中文和英文。
我们一般使用UTF-8。

转换流提供了在字节流和字符流之间的转换。

转换输入流为字符输入流InputStreamReader：

public static void testInputStreamReader(){
   FileInputStream fs = new FileInputStream("...");
   InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(fs,"GBK");
   
   char[] c = new char[100];
   int len = 0;

   while((len = in.read(c)) != -1){
      System.out.println(new String(c,0,len));
   }

   in.close();
   fs.close();
}

转换输出流为字符输出流OutputStreamWriter:

public static void testOutputStreamWriter(){
   FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("...");
   OutputStreamWriter os = new OutputStreamWriter(out,"GBK");

   os.write("...");
   os.flush();

   os.close();
   out.close();
}