TCP状态转换，端口复用

服务器端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

    // 创建socket
    int lfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    if(lfd == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        return -1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in saddr;
    saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
    
    //int optval = 1;
    //setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &optval, sizeof(optval));

    int optval = 1;
    setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &optval, sizeof(optval));

    // 绑定
    int ret = bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
    if(ret == -1) {
        perror("bind");
        return -1;
    }

    // 监听
    ret = listen(lfd, 8);
    if(ret == -1) {
        perror("listen");
        return -1;
    }

    // 接收客户端连接
    struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(cliaddr);
    int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);
    if(cfd == -1) {
        perror("accpet");
        return -1;
    }

    // 获取客户端信息
    char cliIp[16];
    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, cliIp, sizeof(cliIp));
    unsigned short cliPort = ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port);

    // 输出客户端的信息
    printf("client's ip is %s, and port is %d\n", cliIp, cliPort );

    // 接收客户端发来的数据
    char recvBuf[1024] = {0};
    while(1) {
        int len = recv(cfd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf), 0);
        if(len == -1) {
            perror("recv");
            return -1;
        } else if(len == 0) {
            printf("客户端已经断开连接...\n");
            break;
        } else if(len > 0) {
            printf("read buf = %s\n", recvBuf);
        }

        // 小写转大写
        for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            recvBuf[i] = toupper(recvBuf[i]);
        }

        printf("after buf = %s\n", recvBuf);

        // 大写字符串发给客户端
        ret = send(cfd, recvBuf, strlen(recvBuf) + 1, 0);
        if(ret == -1) {
            perror("send");
            return -1;
        }
    }
    
    close(cfd);
    close(lfd);

    return 0;
}

客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(fd == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        return -1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in seraddr;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
    seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    seraddr.sin_port = htons(9999);

    // 连接服务器
    int ret = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

    if(ret == -1){
        perror("connect");
        return -1;
    }

    while(1) {
        char sendBuf[1024] = {0};
        fgets(sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf), stdin);

        write(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1);

        // 接收
        int len = read(fd, sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf));
        if(len == -1) {
            perror("read");
            return -1;
        }else if(len > 0) {
            printf("read buf = %s\n", sendBuf);
        } else {
            printf("服务器已经断开连接...\n");
            break;
        }
    }

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}