使用jpa和hibernate写jpql占位符问题

代码：

//条件查询
    @Test
    public void findConditionTest(){
        EntityManager em = null;
        EntityTransaction tx = null;
        try {
            em = JPAUtil.getEntityManager();
            tx = em.getTransaction();
            tx.begin();

            String jpql = "from Customer where custName like ? ";//此处占位符后必须加上下标
            Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);

            //设置占位符内容，下标从1开始
            query.setParameter(1, "Goo%");

            //查询单个结果
            Object obj = query.getSingleResult();
            System.out.println(obj);

            tx.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            tx.rollback();
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            em.close();
        }
    }

报错：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: org.hibernate.QueryException: Legacy-style query parameters (`?`) are no longer supported; use JPA-style ordinal parameters (e.g., `?1`) instead : from club.ityuchao.domain.Customer where custName like ?  [from club.ityuchao.domain.Customer where custName like ? ]
	at org.hibernate.internal.ExceptionConverterImpl.convert(ExceptionConverterImpl.java:138)
	at org.hibernate.internal.ExceptionConverterImpl.convert(ExceptionConverterImpl.java:181)
	at org.hibernate.internal.ExceptionConverterImpl.convert(ExceptionConverterImpl.java:188)
	at org.hibernate.internal.AbstractSharedSessionContract.createQuery(AbstractSharedSessionContract.java:718)
	at org.hibernate.internal.AbstractSessionImpl.createQuery(AbstractSessionImpl.java:23)
	at club.ityuchao.JPAUtilTest.findConditionTest(JPAUtilTest.java:241)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.hibernate.QueryException: Legacy-style query parameters (`?`) are no longer supported; use JPA-style ordinal parameters (e.g., `?1`) instead : from club.ityuchao.domain.Customer where custName like ?  [from club.ityuchao.domain.Customer where custName like ? ]
	at org.hibernate.QueryException.generateQueryException(QueryException.java:120)
	at org.hibernate.QueryException.wrapWithQueryString(QueryException.java:103)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.doCompile(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:220)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.compile(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:144)
	at org.hibernate.engine.query.spi.HQLQueryPlan.<init>(HQLQueryPlan.java:113)
	at org.hibernate.engine.query.spi.HQLQueryPlan.<init>(HQLQueryPlan.java:73)
	at org.hibernate.engine.query.spi.QueryPlanCache.getHQLQueryPlan(QueryPlanCache.java:155)
	at org.hibernate.internal.AbstractSharedSessionContract.getQueryPlan(AbstractSharedSessionContract.java:600)
	at org.hibernate.internal.AbstractSharedSessionContract.createQuery(AbstractSharedSessionContract.java:709)
	... 24 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.QueryException: Legacy-style query parameters (`?`) are no longer supported; use JPA-style ordinal parameters (e.g., `?1`) instead : from club.ityuchao.domain.Customer where custName like ? 
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.HqlSqlWalker.generatePositionalParameter(HqlSqlWalker.java:1099)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.parameter(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:3463)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.expr(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:1374)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.comparisonExpr(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:4321)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.logicalExpr(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:2138)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.whereClause(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:815)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.query(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:609)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.selectStatement(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:313)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.statement(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:261)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.analyze(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:272)
	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.doCompile(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:192)
	... 30 more

原因：如报错提示可以知道，不能写成

String jpql = "from Customer where custName like ? "

而必须写成

String jpql = "from Customer where custName like ?1 "

也就是占位符后必须跟一个下标。默认顺序的方式以及淘汰了