C++PrimerPlus 第四章 复合类型(编程练习含答案)

这是一个包含多个C++编程练习的集合,主要涉及用户输入处理、字符串操作、结构体的使用以及动态内存分配。练习涵盖了从简单的姓名和年龄输入到更复杂的结构体数组初始化和动态分配。每个练习都展示了不同的编程技巧,如使用C++标准库中的string类,以及如何处理包含多个单词的名字等。
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C++PrimerPlus 第四章 复合类型(编程练习含答案)

1、编写一个C++程序,如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信息:
What is your first name? Betty Sue
What is your last name? Yewe
What letter grade do you deserve? B
What is your age? 22
Name: Yewe, Betty Sue
Grade: C
Age: 22
注意,该程序应该接受的名字包含多个单词。另外,程序将向下调整成绩,即向上调一个字母。假设用户请求A、B或C,所以不必担心D和F之间的空档。

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
	char firstName[20];
	char lastName[10];
	char grade;
	int age;

	using namespace std;
	cout << "What is your first name? ";
	cin.getline(firstName, 20);
	cout << "What is your last name? ";
	cin.getline(lastName, 10);
	cout << "What letter grade do you deserve? ";
	cin >> grade;
	cout << "What is your age? ";
	cin >> age;

	cout << "Name: " << lastName << " ," << firstName << endl;
	cout << "Grade: " << char(grade + 1) << endl;
	cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
	return 0;
}

2、修改程序清单4.4,使用C++ string类而不是char数组。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
int main() {
    using namespace std;
    string name;
    string dessert;

    cout << "Enter your name:\n";
    getline(cin, name);
    cout << "Enter you favorite dessert:\n";
    getline(cin, dessert);
    cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
    cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
    return 0;
}

3、编写一个程序,它要求用户首先输入其名,然后输入其姓;然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来,并存储和显式组合结果。请使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形:
Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here’s the information in a single string: Fleming, Flip

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
int main() {
    using namespace std;
    char firstName[20];
    char lastName[20];
    char information[40];

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    cin.getline(firstName, 20);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    cin.getline(lastName, 20);
    strcpy(information, lastName);
    strcat(information, " ,");
    strcat(information, firstName);
    cout << "Here’s the information in a single string: " << information << endl;
    return 0;
}

4、编写一个程序,它要求用户首先输入其名,然后输入其姓;然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来,并存储和显式组合结果。请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形:
Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here’s the information in a single string: Fleming, Flip

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
int main() {
    using namespace std;
    string firstName;
    string lastName;
    string information;

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    getline(cin, firstName);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    getline(cin, lastName);
    information = lastName + ", " + firstName;
    cout << "Here’s the information in a single string: " << information << endl;
    return 0;
}

5、结构CandyBar包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌;第二个成员存储糖块的重量(可以有小数);第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量(整数)。请编写一个程序,声明这个结构,创建一个名为snack的CandyBar变量,并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”、2.3和350。初始化应在声明snack时进行。最后,程序显示snack变量的内容。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar {
    string name;
    float weight;
    int calories;
};

int main() {
    CandyBar snack = {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350};

    cout << "The name of this CandyBar is: " << snack.name << endl;
    cout << "The weight of this CandyBar is: " << snack.weight << endl;
    cout << "The calories of this CandyBar is: " << snack.calories << endl;

    return 0;
}

6、结构CandyBar包含3个成员,如编写练习5所示。请编写一个程序,创建一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组,并将它们初始化为所选择的值,然后显示每个结构的内容。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar {
    string name;
    float weight;
    int calories;
};

int main() {
    CandyBar snack[3] = { { "Mocha Munch1", 2.3, 350 } ,
                       { "Mocha Munch2", 2.5, 360 } ,
                       { "Mocha Munch3", 2.7, 390 } };
    cout << snack[0].name << "'s weight is " << snack[0].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[0].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[1].name << "'s weight is " << snack[1].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[1].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[2].name << "'s weight is " << snack[2].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[2].calories << " calories.\n";
    return 0;
}

7、William Wingate从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼,他都需要记录下列信息:

  • 披萨饼公司的名称,可以有多个单词组成。
  • 披萨饼的直径。
  • 披萨饼的重量。

请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构,并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息,然后显示这些信息。请使用cin(或它的方法)和cout。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza {
    string name;
    double diameter;
    double weight;
};

int main() {
    Pizza pizza;
    cout << "Please enter the name of this pizza: ";
    getline(cin, pizza.name);
    cout << "Please enter the diameter of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza.diameter;
    cout << "Please enter the weight of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza.weight;

    cout << "The name of this pizza: " << pizza.name << endl;
    cout << "The diameter of this pizza: " << pizza.diameter << endl;
    cout << "The weight of this pizza: " << pizza.weight << endl;
    return 0;
}

8、完成编程练习7,但使用new来为结构分配内存,而不是声明一个结构变量。另外,让程序在请求输入披萨饼公司名称之前输入披萨饼的直径。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza {
    string name;
    double diameter;
    double weight;
};

int main() {
    Pizza* pizza = new Pizza;
    cout << "Please enter the diameter of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza->diameter;
    cin.get();
    cout << "Please enter the name of this pizza: ";
    getline(cin, pizza->name);
    cout << "Please enter the weight of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza->weight;

    cout << "The name of this pizza: " << pizza->name << endl;
    cout << "The diameter of this pizza: " << pizza->diameter << endl;
    cout << "The weight of this pizza: " << pizza->weight << endl;

    delete pizza;

    return 0;
}

9、完成编程练习6,但使用new来动态分配数组,而不是声明一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar {
    string name;
    double weight;
    int calories;
};

int main() {
    CandyBar * snack = new CandyBar[3];
    snack[0] = { "Mocha Munch1", 2.3, 350 };
    snack[1] = { "Mocha Munch2", 2.5, 360 };
    snack[2] = { "Mocha Munch3", 2.7, 390 };

    cout << snack[0].name << "'s weight is " << snack[0].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[0].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[1].name << "'s weight is " << snack[1].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[1].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[2].name << "'s weight is " << snack[2].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[2].calories << " calories.\n";
    return 0;
}

10、编写一个程序,让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩(如果您愿意,也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩),并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个array对象来存储数据(如果编译器不支持array类,请使用数组)。

#include<iostream>
#include<array>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    array<double, 3> grade;
    double total_grade = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        if (i < 3) {
            cout << "Please enter your grade ";
            cout << i + 1 << ": ";
            cin >> grade[i];
            total_grade += grade[i];
        }
    }
    double average = total_grade / 3;
    cout << "The grade of average is: " << average << ".\n";
    return 0;
}
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