C++PrimerPlus 第四章 复合类型（编程练习含答案）

1、编写一个C++程序，如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信息：
What is your first name? Betty Sue
What is your last name? Yewe
What letter grade do you deserve? B
What is your age? 22
Name: Yewe, Betty Sue
Grade: C
Age: 22
注意，该程序应该接受的名字包含多个单词。另外，程序将向下调整成绩，即向上调一个字母。假设用户请求A、B或C，所以不必担心D和F之间的空档。

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
	char firstName[20];
	char lastName[10];
	char grade;
	int age;

	using namespace std;
	cout << "What is your first name? ";
	cin.getline(firstName, 20);
	cout << "What is your last name? ";
	cin.getline(lastName, 10);
	cout << "What letter grade do you deserve? ";
	cin >> grade;
	cout << "What is your age? ";
	cin >> age;

	cout << "Name: " << lastName << " ," << firstName << endl;
	cout << "Grade: " << char(grade + 1) << endl;
	cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
	return 0;
}

2、修改程序清单4.4，使用C++ string类而不是char数组。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
int main() {
    using namespace std;
    string name;
    string dessert;

    cout << "Enter your name:\n";
    getline(cin, name);
    cout << "Enter you favorite dessert:\n";
    getline(cin, dessert);
    cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
    cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
    return 0;
}

3、编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显式组合结果。请使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：
Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here’s the information in a single string: Fleming, Flip

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
int main() {
    using namespace std;
    char firstName[20];
    char lastName[20];
    char information[40];

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    cin.getline(firstName, 20);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    cin.getline(lastName, 20);
    strcpy(information, lastName);
    strcat(information, " ,");
    strcat(information, firstName);
    cout << "Here’s the information in a single string: " << information << endl;
    return 0;
}

4、编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显式组合结果。请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：
Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here’s the information in a single string: Fleming, Flip

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
int main() {
    using namespace std;
    string firstName;
    string lastName;
    string information;

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    getline(cin, firstName);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    getline(cin, lastName);
    information = lastName + ", " + firstName;
    cout << "Here’s the information in a single string: " << information << endl;
    return 0;
}

5、结构CandyBar包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌；第二个成员存储糖块的重量（可以有小数）；第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量（整数）。请编写一个程序，声明这个结构，创建一个名为snack的CandyBar变量，并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”、2.3和350。初始化应在声明snack时进行。最后，程序显示snack变量的内容。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar {
    string name;
    float weight;
    int calories;
};

int main() {
    CandyBar snack = {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350};

    cout << "The name of this CandyBar is: " << snack.name << endl;
    cout << "The weight of this CandyBar is: " << snack.weight << endl;
    cout << "The calories of this CandyBar is: " << snack.calories << endl;

    return 0;
}

6、结构CandyBar包含3个成员，如编写练习5所示。请编写一个程序，创建一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组，并将它们初始化为所选择的值，然后显示每个结构的内容。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar {
    string name;
    float weight;
    int calories;
};

int main() {
    CandyBar snack[3] = { { "Mocha Munch1", 2.3, 350 } ,
                       { "Mocha Munch2", 2.5, 360 } ,
                       { "Mocha Munch3", 2.7, 390 } };
    cout << snack[0].name << "'s weight is " << snack[0].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[0].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[1].name << "'s weight is " << snack[1].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[1].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[2].name << "'s weight is " << snack[2].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[2].calories << " calories.\n";
    return 0;
}

7、William Wingate从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼，他都需要记录下列信息：

• 披萨饼公司的名称，可以有多个单词组成。
• 披萨饼的直径。
• 披萨饼的重量。

请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构，并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。请使用cin（或它的方法）和cout。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza {
    string name;
    double diameter;
    double weight;
};

int main() {
    Pizza pizza;
    cout << "Please enter the name of this pizza: ";
    getline(cin, pizza.name);
    cout << "Please enter the diameter of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza.diameter;
    cout << "Please enter the weight of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza.weight;

    cout << "The name of this pizza: " << pizza.name << endl;
    cout << "The diameter of this pizza: " << pizza.diameter << endl;
    cout << "The weight of this pizza: " << pizza.weight << endl;
    return 0;
}

8、完成编程练习7，但使用new来为结构分配内存，而不是声明一个结构变量。另外，让程序在请求输入披萨饼公司名称之前输入披萨饼的直径。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza {
    string name;
    double diameter;
    double weight;
};

int main() {
    Pizza* pizza = new Pizza;
    cout << "Please enter the diameter of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza->diameter;
    cin.get();
    cout << "Please enter the name of this pizza: ";
    getline(cin, pizza->name);
    cout << "Please enter the weight of this pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza->weight;

    cout << "The name of this pizza: " << pizza->name << endl;
    cout << "The diameter of this pizza: " << pizza->diameter << endl;
    cout << "The weight of this pizza: " << pizza->weight << endl;

    delete pizza;

    return 0;
}

9、完成编程练习6，但使用new来动态分配数组，而不是声明一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar {
    string name;
    double weight;
    int calories;
};

int main() {
    CandyBar * snack = new CandyBar[3];
    snack[0] = { "Mocha Munch1", 2.3, 350 };
    snack[1] = { "Mocha Munch2", 2.5, 360 };
    snack[2] = { "Mocha Munch3", 2.7, 390 };

    cout << snack[0].name << "'s weight is " << snack[0].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[0].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[1].name << "'s weight is " << snack[1].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[1].calories << " calories.\n";
    cout << snack[2].name << "'s weight is " << snack[2].weight << ", and it includes " << snack[2].calories << " calories.\n";
    return 0;
}

10、编写一个程序，让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩（如果您愿意，也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩），并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个array对象来存储数据（如果编译器不支持array类，请使用数组）。

#include<iostream>
#include<array>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    array<double, 3> grade;
    double total_grade = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        if (i < 3) {
            cout << "Please enter your grade ";
            cout << i + 1 << ": ";
            cin >> grade[i];
            total_grade += grade[i];
        }
    }
    double average = total_grade / 3;
    cout << "The grade of average is: " << average << ".\n";
    return 0;
}