C++PrimerPlus 第五章 循环和关系表达式(编程练习含答案)
1、编写一个要求用户输入两个整数的程序。该程序将计算并输出这两个整数之间(包括这两个整数)所有整数的和。这里假设先输入较小的整数。例如,如果用户输入的是2和9,则程序将指出2~9之间所有整数的和为44。
//for循环
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int a, b, sum = 0;
cout << "计算并输出两个整数之间(包括这两个整数)所有整数的和" << endl;
cout << "输入较小的整数:";
cin >> a;
cout << "输入较大的整数:";
cin >> b;
for (int i = a; i <= b; i++) {
sum += i;
}
cout << "从" << a << "到" << b << "之间所有整数的和为:" << sum;
return 0;
}
//while循环
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int a, b, sum = 0;
cout << "计算并输出两个整数之间(包括这两个整数)所有整数的和" << endl;
cout << "输入较小的整数:";
cin >> a;
cout << "输入较大的整数:";
cin >> b;
int i = a;
while (i <= b)
{
sum += i;
i++;
}
cout << "从" << a << "到" << b << "之间所有整数的和为:" << sum;
return 0;
}
2、使用array对象(而不是数组)和long double(而不是long long)重新编写程序清单5.4,并计算100!的值。
#include<iostream> const int ArSize = 16; int main() { long long factorials[ArSize]; factorials[1] = factorials[0] = 1LL; for (int i = 2; i < ArSize; i++) factorials[i] = i * factorials[i - 1]; for (int i = 0; i < ArSize; i++) std::cout << i << "! = " << factorials[i] << std::endl; return 0; }
#include<iostream>
#include<Array>
const int ArSize = 101;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
array<long double, ArSize>factorials;
factorials[1] = factorials[0] = 1L;
for (int i = 2; i < ArSize; i++)
factorials[i] = i * factorials[i - 1];
for (int i = 0; i < ArSize; i++)
cout << i << "! = " << factorials[i] << endl;
return 0;
}
3、编写一个要求用户输入数字的程序。每次输入后,程序都将报告到目前为止,所有输入的累计和。当用户输入0时,程序结束。
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double a;
double sum = 0;
cout << "请输入一个数字:";
cin >> a;
while (a != 0) {
sum += a;
cout << "到目前为止,输入的数字累计和为:" << sum << endl;
cout << "请输入一个数字:";
cin >> a;
}
return 0;
}
4、Daphne以10%的单利投资了100美元。也就是说,每一年的利润都是投资额的10%,即每年10美元:
利息=0.10x原始存款
而Cleo以5%的复利投资了100美元。也就是说,利息是当前存款(包括获得的利息)的5%:
利息=0.05x当前存款
Cleo在第一年投资100美元的盈利是5%——得到了105美元。下一年的盈利是105美元的5%——即5.25美元,依此类推。请编写一个程序,计算多少年后,Cleo的投资价值才能超过Daphne的投资价值,并显示此时两个人的投资价值。
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const double rate_daphne = 0.1;
const double rate_cleo = 0.05;
const double init_daphne = 100;
const double init_cleo = 100;
double sum_daphne = init_daphne;
double sum_cleo = init_cleo;
int year = 0;
while (sum_daphne >= sum_cleo)
{
year += 1;
sum_daphne = sum_daphne + init_daphne * rate_daphne;
sum_cleo = rate_cleo * sum_cleo + sum_cleo;
}
cout << "第" << year << "年Cleo的投资价值超过Daphne的投资价值。" << endl;
cout << "Daphne的投资价值为:" << sum_daphne << endl;
cout << "Cleo的投资价值为:" << sum_cleo << endl;
return 0;
}
5、假设要销售《C++ For Fools》一书。请编写一个程序,输入全年中每个月的销售量(图书数量,而不是销售额)。程序通过循环,使用初始化为月份字符串的char*数组(或string对象数组)逐月进行提示,并将输入的数据存储在一个int数组中。然后,程序计算数组中各元素的总数,并报告这一年的销售情况。
//char*
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const char* month[12] = { "一月","二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月", "八月", "九月", "十月", "十一月", "十二月" };
int num[12];
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
{
cout << "输入" << month[i] << "的销售量:";
cin >> num[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
sum += num[i];
cout << "全年销售量总和:" << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
//string
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const string month[12] = { "一月","二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月", "八月", "九月", "十月", "十一月", "十二月" };
int num[12];
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
{
cout << "输入" << month[i] << "的销售量:";
cin >> num[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
sum += num[i];
cout << "全年销售量总和:" << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
6、完成编程练习5,但这一次使用一个二维数组来存储输入——3年中每个月的销售量。程序将报告每年销售量以及三年的总销售量。
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const char* month[12] = { "一月","二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月", "八月", "九月", "十月", "十一月", "十二月" };
int num[3][12];
int sum_year = 0;
int sum_all = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "输入第" << i + 1 << "年数据:" << endl;
for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++)
{
cout << "输入" << month[j] << "的销售量:";
cin >> num[i][j];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++)
{
sum_year += num[i][j];
}
cout << "第" << i + 1 << "年的销售总和:" << sum_year << endl;
sum_all += sum_year;
sum_year = 0;
}
cout << "三年销售量总和:" << sum_all << endl;
return 0;
}
7、设计一个名为car的结构,用它存储下述有关汽车的信息:生产商(存储在字符数组或string对象中的字符串)、生产年份(整数)。编写一个程序,向用户询问有多少辆汽车。随后,程序使用new来创建一个由相应数量的car结构组成的动态数组。接下来,程序提示用户输入每辆车的生产商(可能由多个单词组成)和年份信息。请注意,这需要特别小心,因为它将交替读取数值和字符串(参见第4章)。最后,程序将显示每个结构的内容。该程序的运行情况如下:
How many cars do you wish to catalog? 2
Car #1:
Please enter the make: Hudson Hornet
Please enter the year made: 1952
Car #2:
Please enter the make: Kaiser
Please enter the year made: 1951
Here is your collection:
1952 Hudson Hornet
1951 Kaiser
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
struct car {
char maker[20];
int year;
};
cout << "How many cars do you wish to catalog? ";
int num;
cin >> num;
cin.get();
car* cars = new car[num];
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cout << "Car #" << i + 1 << ":\n";
cout << "Please enter the make: ";
cin.get(cars[i].maker, 20).get();
cout << "Please enter the year made: ";
cin>>cars[i].year;
cin.get();
}
cout << "Here is your collection: \n";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
cout << cars[i].year << " " << cars[i].maker << endl;
return 0;
}
8、编写一个程序,它使用一个char数组和循环来每次读取一个单词,直到用户输入done为止。随后,该程序指出用户输入了多少个单词(不包括done在内)。下面是该程序的运行情况:
Enter words (to stop, type the word done):
anteater birthday category dumpster
envy finagle geometry done for sure
You entered a total of 7 words.
您应在程序中包含头文件cstring,并使用函数strcmp()来进行比较测试。
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char word[50];
int sum = 0;
cout << "Enter words (to stop, type the word done):\n";
cin >> word;
while (strcmp(word, "done"))
{
sum++;
cin >> word;
}
cout << "You entered a total of " << sum << " words.";
return 0;
}
9、编写一个满足前一个练习中描述的程序,但使用string对象而不是字符数组。请在程序中包含头文件string,并使用关系运算符来进行比较测试。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
string word;
int sum = 0;
cout << "Enter words (to stop, type the word done):\n";
cin >> word;
while (word == "done")
{
sum++;
cin >> word;
}
cout << "You entered a total of " << sum << " words.";
return 0;
}
10、编写一个使用嵌套循环的程序,要求用户输入一个值,指出要显示多少行。然后,程序将显示相应行数的星号,其中第一行包括一个星号,第二行包括两个星号,依此类推。每一行包含的字符数等于用户指定的行数,在星号不够的情况下,在星号前面加上句点。该程序的运行情况如下:
Enter number of rows: 5
....*
...**
..***
.****
*****
//for循环
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter number of rows: ";
int num;
cin >> num;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < num - i; j++)
cout << ".";
for (int k = 0; k < i; k++)
cout << "*";
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
//while循环
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter number of rows: ";
int num;
cin >> num;
int i = 1;
int j = 0;
int k = 0;
while(i <= num)
{
j = 0;
while (j < num - i)
{
cout << ".";
j++;
}
k = 0;
while (k < i)
{
cout << "*";
k++;
}
cout << endl;
i++;
}
return 0;
}