1、请看下面两个计算空格和换行符数目的代码片段:
//Version 1
while(cin.get(ch)) //quit on eof { if(ch == ‘ ’) spaces++; if(ch == ‘\n’) newlines++; }
//Version 2
while(cin.get(ch)) //quit on eof { if(ch == ‘ ’) spaces++; else if(ch == ‘\n’) newlines++; }
第二种格式比第一种格式好在哪里呢?
2、在程序清单6.2中,用ch+1替换++ch将发生什么情况呢?
程序清单6.2 ifelse.cpp
//ifelse.cpp -- using the if else statement #include<iostream> int main() { char ch; std::cout << "Type, and I shall repeat.\n"; std::cin.get(ch); while (ch != '.') { if (ch == '\n') std::cout << ch; //done if newline else std::cout << ++ch; //done otherwise std::cin.get(ch); } //try ch + 1 instead of ++ch for interesting effect std::cout << "\nPlease excuse the slight confusion.\n"; //std::cin.get(); //std::cin.get(); return 0; }
3、请认真考虑下面的程序:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char ch; int ct1, ct2; ct1 = ct2 = 0; while ((ch = cin.get()) != '$') { cout << ch; ct1++; if (ch = '$') ct2++; cout << ch; } cout << "ct1 = " << ct1 << ", ct2 = " << ct2 << "\n"; return 0; }
假设输入如下(请在每行末尾按回车键):
Hi!
Send $10 or $20 now!
则输出将是什么(还记得吗。输入被缓冲)?
4、创建表示下述条件的逻辑表达式:
a. weight大于或等于115,但小于125
b. ch为q或Q
c. x为偶数,但不是26
d. x为偶数,但不是26的倍数
e. donation为1000-2000或guest为1
f. ch是小写字母或大写字母(假设小写字母是依次编码的,大写字母也是依次编码的,但在大小写字母间编码不是连续的)。
5、在英语中,“I will not not speak(我不会不说)”的意思与“I will speak(我要说)”相同。在C++中,!!x是否与x相同呢?
6、创建一个条件表达式,其值为变量的绝对值。也是说,如果变量x为正,则表达式的值为x;但如果x为负,则表达式的值为-x——这是一个正值。
7、用switch改写下面的代码片段:
if (ch == 'A') a_grade++; else if (ch == 'B') b_grade++; else if (ch == 'C') c_grade++; else if (ch == 'D') d_grade++; else f_grade++;
8、对于程序清单6.10,与使用数字相比,使用字符(如a和c)表示菜单选项和case标签有何优点呢?(提示:想想用户输入q和输入5的情况。)
程序清单6.10 switch.cpp
//switch.cpp -- using the switch statement #include<iostream> using namespace std; void showmenu(); //function prototypes void report(); void comfort(); int main() { showmenu(); int choice; cin >> choice; while (choice != 5) { switch (choice) { case 1:cout << "\a\n"; break; case 2:report(); break; case 3:cout << "The boss was in all day.\n"; break; case 4: comfort(); break; default:cout << "That's not a choice.\n"; } showmenu(); cin >> choice; } cout << "Bye!\n"; return 0; } void showmenu() { cout << "Please enter 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5:\n" "1) alarm 2) report\n" "3) alibi 4) comfort\n" "5) quit\n"; } void report() { cout << "It's been an excellent week for business.\n" "Sales are up 120%. Expenses are down 35%.\n"; } void comfort() { cout << "Your employees think you are the finest CEO\n" "in the industry. The board of directors think\n" "you are the finest CEO in the industry.\n"; }
9、请看下面的代码片段:
int line = 0; char ch; while (cin.get(ch)) { if (ch == 'Q') break; if (ch != '\n') continue; line++; }
请重写该代码片段,不要使用break和continue语句。