● 难度：夯实基础⭐⭐
● 语言：Python3、Pytorch3
🍺要求：
1、自己搭建VGG-16网络框架
2、调用官方的VGG-16网络框架
3、如何查看模型的参数量以及相关指标
🍻拔高（可选）：
1、验证集准确率达到100%
2、使用PPT画出VGG-16算法框架图
🔎探索：
1、在不影响准确率的前提下轻量化模型
-- 目前VGG16的Total params是134,276,932
🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
🍖 原作者：K同学啊|接辅导、项目定制
365天深度学习训练营打卡
第7周-咖啡豆识别
一、前期准备
1.设置GPU
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
2.导入数据
在这里插入代码片
3.划分数据集
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_dataset, test_dataset
batch_size = 32
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=False,
num_workers=1)
for X, y in test_dl:
print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]:", X.shape)
print("Shape of y:", y.shape, y.dtype)
break
二、手动构建VGG16
## 手动搭建VGG16
class vgg16(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(vgg16, self).__init__()
# block1
self.block1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(3, 64, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(64, 64, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, stride=2))
# block2
self.block2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64, 128, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(128, 128, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, stride=2))
# block3
self.block3 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(128, 256, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(256, 256, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(256, 256, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, stride=2))
# block4
self.block4 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(256, 512, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(512, 512, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(512, 512, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, stride=2))
# block5
self.block5 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(512, 512, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(512, 512, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(512, 512, 3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, stride=2))
# classifier
self.fc_net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(512*7*7, 4096), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(4096, len(class_names)))
def forward(self, x):
x = self.block5(self.block4(self.block3(self.block2(self.block1(x)))))
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
return self.fc_net(x)
model = vgg16().to(device)
model
import torchsummary as summary
summary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224))
三、训练模型
1.设置超参数
lr = 1e-4
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=lr)
2.编写训练函数
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset)
num_batches = len(dataloader)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0
for X, y in dataloader:
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
# loss
pred = model(X)
loss = loss_fn(pred, y)
# back
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# log
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
3.编写测试函数
def test(dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset)
num_batches = len(dataloader)
test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
# loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss
4.正式训练
import copy
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
epochs = 40
train_loss, train_acc = [], []
test_loss, test_acc = [], []
best_acc = 0
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
best_acc = epoch_test_acc
best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
template = "Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}"
print(template.format(epoch+1,
epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss,
epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss,
lr))
PATH = './best_model.pth'
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
print('Done!!!')
四、结果可视化
1.Loss和Accuracy图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Train Acc.')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Acc.')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Train Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
第一次训练：
- 优化器：Adam
第二次训练：
- 采用SGD来训练
确实很奇怪，完全没有要优化的痕迹。我尝试增加学习率来看看是否有变化，发现依旧一模一样，所以到底为什么会出现这种现象呢？
因为这里的现象是训练误差和测试误差同时出现不下降的趋势，基本不太可能是过拟合，所以我推测是由于网络层数太深而出现了梯度消失的情况。
但是奇怪的是，换成其他优化器基本上都没有此类现象，唯独SGD！！！
调用官方vgg16框架，同样会出现无法正常训练的情况
我做了以下尝试企图解决SGD优化器优化出现的奇怪现象：
- 将ReLU激活函数换成LeakyReLU：这里参考有博客提到ReLU激活函数同样会出现梯度消失现象，所以才出现LeakyReLU激活函数，但是结果还是一样，并没有出现误差下降的趋势。
- 我直接将VGG替换成resnet50竟出现同样的现象！！！
留下疑问的记号??
2.指定图片进行预测
from PIL import Image
classes = list(total_data.class_to_idx)
def predict_one_image(image_path, model, transform, classes):
test_img = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
plt.imshow(test_img)
test_img = transform(test_img)
img = test_img.to(device).unsqueeze(0)
model.eval()
output = model(img)
_, pred = torch.max(output, 1)
pred_class = classes[pred]
print(f'Predict is: {pred_class}')
predict_one_image(image_path='./data/Dark/dark (103).png',
model=model,
transform=train_transforms,
classes=class_names)
第一次预测：
轻量化VGG16（保证同样的精确度的情况下）
参考：轻量化模型
- 参考轻量化网络SqueezeNet（2017）的思路：
- 使用1x1的卷积替换3x3的卷积层
- 使用1x1以及3x3的卷积，最后做一次concat
轻量化后的网络（还能进一步轻量化）：
参数情况：
- 目前VGG16的Total params是134,276,932
- 轻量化之后的参数为128,217,412
训练情况： - 训练准确度略有降低，但是应该不影响预测
预测情况：
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