5.4可扩展性

用接口来实现聚合

  • 给Room类实现的新方法，把方向细节彻底隐藏在Room类内部了
  • 今后方向如何实现就和外部无关了

用容器来实现灵活性

  • Room的方向是用成员变量来表示的，增加或减少方向就要改变代码
  • 如果用Hash表来表示方向，那么方向就不是硬编码的了

5.5框架加数据

以框架加数据来提高可扩展性

  • 命令的解析是否可以脱离if-else
  • 定义一个Handler来处理命令
  • 用Hash表来保存命令和Handler之间的关系

Game.java

package castle;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Game {
    private Room currentRoom;
    private HashMap<String,Handler> handlers=new HashMap<String,Handler>();
        
    public Game() 
    {
//    	handlers.put("go, new HandlerGo()
        handlers.put("bye" , new HandlerBye(this));
        handlers.put("help", new HandlerHelp(this));
        handlers.put("go", new HandlerGo(this));
    	createRooms();
    }

    private void createRooms()
    {
        Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom;
      
        //	制造房间
        outside = new Room("城堡外");
        lobby = new Room("大堂");
        pub = new Room("小酒吧");
        study = new Room("书房");
        bedroom = new Room("卧室");
        
        //	初始化房间的出口 
        outside.setExit("east",lobby);
        outside.setExit("south", study);
        outside.setExit("west", pub);
        lobby.setExit("west", outside);
        pub.setExit("east", outside);
        study.setExit("north", outside);
        study.setExit("east", bedroom);
        bedroom.setExit("west", study);
        lobby.setExit("up", pub);
        pub.setExit("down", lobby);

        currentRoom = outside;  //	从城堡门外开始
    }

    private void printWelcome() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");
        System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。");
        System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("现在你在" + currentRoom);
        System.out.print("出口有：");
        showPrompt();
    }

    // 以下为用户命令


    //消除代码复制
    public void showPrompt() {
    	System.out.println("你在" + currentRoom);
        System.out.print("出口有: ");
        System.out.print(currentRoom.getExitDesc());
        System.out.println();
    }

    public void play() {
    	 Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    	 while ( true ) {
     		String line = in.nextLine();
     		String[] words = line.split(" ");
     		Handler handler=handlers.get(words[0]);
     		String value="";
     		if (words.length>1)
     			value=words[1];
     		if(handler!=null) {
     			handler.doCmd(value);
     			if(handler.isBye())
     				break;
     		}
//     		if ( words[0].equals("help") ) {
//     			printHelp();
//     		} else if (words[0].equals("go") ) {
//     			goRoom(words[1]);
//     		} else if ( words[0].equals("bye") ) {
//     			break;
//     		}
     }
     in.close();     
    }
    public void goRoom(String direction) 
    {
        Room nextRoom = currentRoom.getExit(direction);

        if (nextRoom == null) {
            System.out.println("那里没有门！");
        }
        else {
            currentRoom = nextRoom;
            showPrompt();
        }
    }
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Game game = new Game();
		game.printWelcome();
		game.play();
       
        System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");

	}

}

Room.java

package castle;

import java.util.HashMap;

public class Room {
    private String description;
    private HashMap<String,Room> exits=new HashMap<String,Room>();

    public Room(String description) 
    {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public void setExit(String dir,Room room) {
    	exits.put(dir, room);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return description;
    }
    public String getExitDesc() {
    	StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
    	for (String dir : exits.keySet()) {
    		sb.append(dir);
    		sb.append(' ');
    	}
    	return sb.toString();
    }
    
    public Room getExit(String direction) {
        return exits.get(direction);
        }
    }

Handler.java

package castle;

public class Handler {
	protected Game game;
	
	public Handler(Game game) {
		this.game=game;
	}
	public void doCmd(String word) {}

	public boolean isBye() {
		return false;
	}

}

HandlerBye.java

package castle;

public class HandlerBye extends Handler{
	public HandlerBye(Game game) {
		super(game);
	}
	@Override
	public boolean isBye() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return true;
	}

}

HandlerHelp.java

package castle;

public class HandlerHelp extends Handler {
	public HandlerHelp(Game game) {
		super(game);
	}
	@Override
	public void doCmd(String word) {
        System.out.print("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：go bye help");
        System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
	}

}

HandlerGo.java

package castle;

public class HandlerGo extends Handler {
	public HandlerGo(Game game) {
		super(game);
	}
	@Override
	public void doCmd(String word) {
		game.goRoom(word);
	}

}