Queues

概述

RabbitMQ 是一个消息中间件: 它接收、存储并转发消息数据。本教程将带你通过一系列步骤来设置和使用 RabbitMQ。

环境准备

1. 安装 RabbitMQ

- [下载](https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html)并安装RabbitMQ服务器。

- 启动RabbitMQ服务器。

- 通过浏览器访问 `http://localhost:15672/` 来查看管理界面。

2. 安装客户端库

- 对于Python, 安装 pika 库:

```bash

pip install pika

```

Hello World 示例

发送者 (Sender)

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

routing_key='hello',

body='Hello World!')

print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")

connection.close()

```

接收者 (Receiver)

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_consume(queue='hello',

on_message_callback=callback,

auto_ack=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.start_consuming()

```

工作队列 (Work Queues)

创建工作队列

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

message = 'A message to the task queue!'

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',

routing_key='task_queue',

body=message,

properties=pika.BasicProperties(

delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent

))

print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)

connection.close()

```

消费者

```python

import pika

import time

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] Received %r" % body.decode())

time.sleep(body.count(b'.'))

print(" [x] Done")

ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(queue='task_queue', on_message_callback=callback)

channel.start_consuming()

```

发布/订阅 (Fanout)

发布者

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')

message = "Info: Hello, this is a fanout message!"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message)

print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)

connection.close()

```

订阅者 1

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

```

订阅者 2

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

```

路由 (Routing)

发布者

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')

severity = 'info'

message = f'Info: Hello from {severity} routing!'

channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message)

print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))

connection.close()

```

消费者 1 (error)

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

severities = ['error']

for severity in severities:

channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

```

消费者 2 (warning)

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

severities = ['warning']

for severity in severities:

channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

```

主题交换 (Topics)

发布者

```python

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')

routing_key = 'kern.critical'

message = 'A critical kernel error'

channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message)

print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))

connection.close()

```

消费者 1 (kern.*)

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = ['kern.*']

for binding_key in binding_keys:

channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

```

消费者 2 (*.*)

```python

import pika

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print(" [x] %r" % body)

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)

queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = ['*.*']

for binding_key in binding_keys:

channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()