爬虫学习第五天，Requests库的基础

Requests

实例引入

import requests
response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print(type(response))
print(response.status_code)
print(type(response.text))
print(response.text)
print(response.cookies)

各种请求方式

import requests
requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')
requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')
requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

请求

基本GET请求

基本写法

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(response.text)

带参数GET请求

import requests
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=germey&age=22')
print(response.text)

import requests

data = {
    'name':'germey',
    'age':22
}
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=data)
print(response.text)

解析json

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(response.text))
print(response.json())
print(type(response.json()))

import requests
import json
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(response.text))
print(response.json())
print(json.loads(response.text))
print(type(response.json()))

获取二进制数据

import requests

response = requests.get('http://github.com/favicon.ico')
print(type(response.text),type(response.content))
print(response.text)
print(response.content)

import requests
response = requests.get('http://github.com/favicon.ico')
with open('favicon.ico','wb')as f:
    f.write(response.content)
    f.close()

添加headers

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(response.text)

import requests

headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36'
}

response = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore',headers = headers)
print(response.text)

基本POST请求

import requests

data = {'name':'germey','age':22}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data)
print(response.text)

import requests
data = {'name':'germey','age':22}
headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36'
}

response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post',data=data,headers = headers)
print(response.json())

响应

response属性

import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(type(response.status_code),response.status_code)
print(type(response.headers),response.headers)
print(type(response.cookies),response.cookies)
print(type(response.url),response.url)
print(type(response.history),response.history)

状态码判断

import requests
response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
exit() if not response.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print('Request Successfully')

高级操作

文件上传

import requests 
files = {'file':open('favicon.ico','rb')}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files=files)
print(response.text)

获取cookie

import requests
response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")
print(response.cookies)
for key,value in response.cookies.items():
    print(key+'='+value)

会话维持

import requests
requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(response.text)

import requests

s = requests.Session()
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789')
response = s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(response.text)

证书验证

import requests
response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn')
print(response.status_code)

import requests
response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)
print(response.status_code)

import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings()
response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)
print(response.status_code)

代理设置

import requests

proxies = {
    "http":"http://183.220.145.3:80",
    "https":"https://183.220.145.3:80",
}
response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)
print(response.status_code)

import requests

proxies = {
    "http":"http://user:password@117.84.159.45:8118/",
}
response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",proxies=proxies)
print(response.status_code)

socks代理

超时设置

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

r = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com",auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user','123'))
print(response.status_code)

认证设置

异常处理

import requests
from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,HTTPError,RequestException
try:
    response = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get",timeout=0.5)
    print(response.status_code)
except ReadTimeout:
    print('Timeout')
except HTTPError:
    print('Http Error')
except RequestException:
    print('Error')