python爬虫第七天,BeautifulSoup库常用的解析方法

基本使用
html="""
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'><!--Elsie--></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'><!--Lacie--></a> and
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'><!--Tillie--></a>;
and they lives at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.prettify())
print(soup.title.string)

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标签选择器
选择元素
html="""
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'><!--Elsie--></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'><!--Lacie--></a> and
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'><!--Tillie--></a>;
and they lives at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.title)
print(type(soup.title))
print(soup.head)
print(soup.p)

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获取名称
html="""
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'><!--Elsie--></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'><!--Lacie--></a> and
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'><!--Tillie--></a>;
and they lives at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.title.name)

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获取属性
html="""
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'><!--Elsie--></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'><!--Lacie--></a> and
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'><!--Tillie--></a>;
and they lives at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.p.attrs['name'])
print(soup.p['name'])

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获取内容
html="""
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'><!--Elsie--></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'><!--Lacie--></a> and
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'><!--Tillie--></a>;
and they lives at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.p.string)

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嵌套选择
html="""
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'><!--Elsie--></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'><!--Lacie--></a> and
<a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'><!--Tillie--></a>;
and they lives at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.head.title.string)

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子节点和子孙节点
html="""
<html>
  <head>
    <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p class="story">
       Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'>
          <span><!--Elsie--></sapn>
       </a>
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'>Lacie</a> 
       and
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'>Tillie</a>;
       and they lived at the bottom of a well.
     </p>
     <p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.p.contents)

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html="""
<html>
  <head>
    <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p class="story">
       Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'>
          <span><!--Elsie--></sapn>
       </a>
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'>Lacie</a> 
       and
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'>Tillie</a>;
       and they lived at the bottom of a well.
     </p>
     <p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.p.children)
for i,child in enumerate(soup.p.children):
    print(i,child)

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html="""
<html>
  <head>
    <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p class="story">
       Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'>
          <span><!--Elsie--></sapn>
       </a>
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'>Lacie</a> 
       and
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'>Tillie</a>;
       and they lived at the bottom of a well.
     </p>
     <p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.p.descendants)
for i,child in enumerate(soup.p.descendants):
    print(i,child)

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父节点和祖先节点
html="""
<html>
  <head>
    <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p class="story">
       Once upon a time there were three littlw sisters;and their names were
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link1'>
          <span><!--Elsie--></sapn>
       </a>
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link2'>Lacie</a> 
       and
       <a href="http://example.com/else" class="sister" id-'link3'>Tillie</a>;
       and they lived at the bottom of a well.
     </p>
     <p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.a.parent)


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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(list(enumerate(soup.a.parents)))


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兄弟节点
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(list(enumerate(soup.a.next_siblings)))

print(list(enumerate(soup.a.previous_siblings)))

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标准选择器

find_all(name,attrs,resursive,text,**kwargs

name
html='''
<div class="panel"
  <div class="panel-heading">
     <h4>hello</h4>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-body">
     <ul class="list" id="list-1">
        <li class="element">Foo</li>
        <li class="element">Bar</li>
        <li class="element">Jay</li>
     </ul>
     <ul class="list" id="list-2">
        <li class="element">Foo</li>
        <li class="element">Bar</li>
     </ul>  
  </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.find_all('ul'))
print(type(soup.find_all('ul')[0]))

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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
for ul in soup.find_all('ul'):
    print(ul.find_all('li'))

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attrs
html='''
<div class="panel"
  <div class="panel-heading">
     <h4>hello</h4>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-body">
     <ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
        <li class="element">Foo</li>
        <li class="element">Bar</li>
        <li class="element">Jay</li>
     </ul>
     <ul class="list" id="list-2">
        <li class="element">Foo</li>
        <li class="element">Bar</li>
     </ul>  
  </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(atrs={'id':'list-1'}))
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'name':'elements'}))

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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(id='list-1'))
print(soup.find_all(class_='elements'))

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text
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(text='Foo'))

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find
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.find('ul'))
print(type(soup.find('ul')))
print(soup.find('page'))

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find_parents() find_parent()

find_parents()返回所有的祖先节点,find)parent()返回直接父节点

find_next_siblings() find_next_sibling()

find_next_siblingd=s() 返回后面所有的兄弟节点,find_next_sibling()返回后面第一个兄弟节点

find_previous_siblings() find_previous_sibling()

find_next_siblingd=s() 返回前面所有的兄弟节点,find_previous_sibling()返回前面第一个兄弟节点

find_all_next() find_next()

find_all_next()返回节点后所有符合条件的节点, find_next()返回第一个符合条件的节点

find_all_previous() find_previous()

find_all_next()返回节点前所有符合条件的节点, find_next()返回第一个符合条件的节点

CSS选择器

通过select()直接传入CSS选择器即可完成

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.select('.panel .panel-heading'))
print(soup.select('ul li'))
print(soup.select('#list2 .elements'))
print(type(soup.select('ul')[0]))

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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
    print(ul.select('li'))

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获取属性
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
    print(ul['id'])
    print(ul.attrs['id'])

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获取内容
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
for li in soup.select('li'):
    print(li.get_text())

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总结

推荐使用lxml杰西卡,必要时使用html.parser
标签选择筛选功能弱d暗示速度快
建议使用find()、find_all()查询匹配单个结果或者多个结果
如果对CSS选择器熟悉建议使用select()
记住常用的获取属性和文本值的方法

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