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微信调用jssdk全流程详解
系统框架使用的是前后端分离，前端使用vant，后端是springboot
一、网页授权的时序图
二、公众号配置
1. 绑定域名
登录微信公众平台进入“公众号设置”的“功能设置”里填写“JS接口安全域名”。也就是这样：
点击设置之后，弹出这样一个输入框，输入服务器所在的域名：
2：引入js文件
直接在你的页面里引入js文件就行
<script src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.4.0.js"></script>
三、前端方法
1. 初始化方法，从后台获取基本的参数
前端进入需要扫一扫功能的页面时候，在mounted方法里面，执行微信配置getWxConfig()，此方法主要是获取jssdk所需要的参数，先检查本地缓存的是否过期，过期则请求后台获取
export function getWxConfig() {
//判断signature是否过期
if (expireSign()) {
let data = {};
data.appId = localStorage.getItem('appId');
data.timestamp = localStorage.getItem('timestamp');
data.nonceStr = localStorage.getItem('nonceStr');
data.signature = localStorage.getItem('signature');
setWxConfig(data);
} else {
//如果过期了，请求后台获取
let url = location.href.split('#')[0]; //获取锚点之前的链接,防止出现invalid signature错误
wxSign({ url: url })
.then(res => {
console.log(res);
if (res.code == 200) {
localStorage.setItem('appId', res.data.appId);
localStorage.setItem('timestamp', res.data.timestamp);
localStorage.setItem('nonceStr', res.data.nonceStr);
localStorage.setItem('signature', res.data.signature);
localStorage.setItem('expireSignTime', res.data.expireTime);
setWxConfig(res.data);
} else {
localStorage.removeItem('expireSignTime');
Toast.fail('网络故障，请退出重新加载页面');
}
})
.catch(error => {
localStorage.removeItem('expireSignTime');
Toast.fail('网络故障，请退出重新加载页面');
});
}
}
2：注入config配置
上面获取到后台的参数后，在页面使用wx.config接口注入权限验证配置
function setWxConfig(data) {
console.log(data);
wx.config({
debug: false, // true是开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来，若要查看传入的参数，可以在pc端打开，参数信息会通过log打出，仅在pc端时才会打印。
appId: data.appId, // 必填，公众号的唯一标识
timestamp: data.timestamp, // 必填，签名的时间戳，后台生成的
nonceStr: data.nonceStr, // 必填，签名的随机串，后台生成的
signature: data.signature, // 必填，签名，后台生成的
jsApiList: ['scanQRCode'] // 必填，需要使用的JS接口列表，scanQRCode是调用扫一扫二维码
});
wx.error(function(res) {
localStorage.removeItem('expireSignTime');
Toast.fail('网络故障，请退出重新页面');
});
}
3. 方法调用
config如果不报错，则在 wx.ready里面调用jssdk的方法
wx.ready(function () {
wx.scanQRCode({
needResult: 1, // 默认为0，扫描结果由微信处理，1则直接返回扫描结果
success: function (res) {
let data = res.resultStr; // 当needResult 为 1 时，扫码返回的结果
let code = codeFormat(data);
that.pointCode = code;
that.saveSinglePoint();
},
});
});
四、后端方法
1. 获取access_token和jsapi_Ticket，缓存使用了文件的方式，也支持redis等方式
/**
* 获取access_token和jsapi_ticket
**/
public AppWechatEntity getJsapiTicket() {
//logger.debug("--------------开始执行getJsapiTicket方法--------------");
//定义过期时间
AppWechatEntity appWechatEntity = new AppWechatEntity();
String accessTokenString = "";
String jsapiTicketString = "";
String jsapi_ticket = "";
String access_token = "";
jsapiTicketString = readWechatTokenFile(getJsapiTicketFilePath());
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(jsapiTicketString)) {
appWechatEntity = JSONObject.parseObject(jsapiTicketString, AppWechatEntity.class);
long expireTime = appWechatEntity.getExpire_time();
long curTime = create_timestamp();
if (expireTime >= curTime && StrUtil.isNotEmpty(appWechatEntity.getJsapi_ticket())) {
//logger.debug("已有的jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket);
return appWechatEntity;
}
}
long timestamp = create_timestamp() + 7000;//过期时间是2小时(7200s)
access_token =
getAccessTokenData("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + configBeanValue.appid + "&secret=" + configBeanValue.secret);
Map accessTokenMap = new HashMap();
accessTokenMap.put("expire_time", timestamp);
accessTokenMap.put("access_token", access_token);
accessTokenString = JSONObject.toJSONString(accessTokenMap);
jsapi_ticket = getJsapiTicketData("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + access_token + "&type=jsapi");
Map jsapiTicketMap = new HashMap();
jsapiTicketMap.put("expire_time", timestamp);
jsapiTicketMap.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapi_ticket);
jsapiTicketString = JSONObject.toJSONString(jsapiTicketMap);
// 写文件
try {
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File(getAccessTokenFilePath()), accessTokenString, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File(getJsapiTicketFilePath()), jsapiTicketString, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
//logger.debug("写入文件成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.debug("写文件异常：" + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
appWechatEntity.setJsapi_ticket(jsapi_ticket);
appWechatEntity.setExpire_time(timestamp);
appWechatEntity.setAccess_token(access_token);
//logger.debug("--------------结束执行getJsapiTicket方法--------------");
return appWechatEntity;
}
2.根据jsapi_ticket获取signature
上面获取了jsapi_ticket之后，使用jsapi_ticket，noncestr，timestamp和前端传入的url组装成签名字符串，使用sha1进行加密，返回到前端
/**
* 生成signature
**/
@Override
public AppWechatEntity sign(String url) {
Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap();
String nonceStr = create_nonce_str();
String timestamp = Long.toString(create_timestamp());
String string1;
String signature = "";
//获取jsapi_ticket和过期时间
AppWechatEntity appWechatEntity = getJsapiTicket();
String jsapiTicket = appWechatEntity.getJsapi_ticket();
Long expireTime = appWechatEntity.getExpire_time();
//注意这里参数名必须全部小写，且必须有序
string1 = "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapiTicket +
"&noncestr=" + nonceStr +
"×tamp=" + timestamp +
"&url=" + url;
try {
MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
crypt.reset();
crypt.update(string1.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
appWechatEntity.setAppId(configBeanValue.appid);
appWechatEntity.setExpire_time(expireTime);
appWechatEntity.setNonceStr(nonceStr);
appWechatEntity.setTimestamp(timestamp);
appWechatEntity.setSignature(signature);
return appWechatEntity;
}
3. 后端全部的代码
/**
* 生成signature
**/
@Override
public AppWechatEntity sign(String url) {
Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap();
String nonceStr = create_nonce_str();
String timestamp = Long.toString(create_timestamp());
String string1;
String signature = "";
//获取jsapi_ticket和过期时间
AppWechatEntity appWechatEntity = getJsapiTicket();
String jsapiTicket = appWechatEntity.getJsapi_ticket();
Long expireTime = appWechatEntity.getExpire_time();
//注意这里参数名必须全部小写，且必须有序
string1 = "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapiTicket +
"&noncestr=" + nonceStr +
"×tamp=" + timestamp +
"&url=" + url;
try {
MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
crypt.reset();
crypt.update(string1.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
appWechatEntity.setAppId(configBeanValue.appid);
appWechatEntity.setExpire_time(expireTime);
appWechatEntity.setNonceStr(nonceStr);
appWechatEntity.setTimestamp(timestamp);
appWechatEntity.setSignature(signature);
return appWechatEntity;
}
/**
* 获取jsapi_ticket
**/
public AppWechatEntity getJsapiTicket() {
//logger.debug("--------------开始执行getJsapiTicket方法--------------");
//定义过期时间
AppWechatEntity appWechatEntity = new AppWechatEntity();
String accessTokenString = "";
String jsapiTicketString = "";
String jsapi_ticket = "";
String access_token = "";
jsapiTicketString = readWechatTokenFile(getJsapiTicketFilePath());
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(jsapiTicketString)) {
appWechatEntity = JSONObject.parseObject(jsapiTicketString, AppWechatEntity.class);
long expireTime = appWechatEntity.getExpire_time();
long curTime = create_timestamp();
if (expireTime >= curTime && StrUtil.isNotEmpty(appWechatEntity.getJsapi_ticket())) {
//logger.debug("已有的jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket);
return appWechatEntity;
}
}
long timestamp = create_timestamp() + 7000;//过期时间是2小时(7200s)
access_token =
getAccessTokenData("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + configBeanValue.appid + "&secret=" + configBeanValue.secret);
Map accessTokenMap = new HashMap();
accessTokenMap.put("expire_time", timestamp);
accessTokenMap.put("access_token", access_token);
accessTokenString = JSONObject.toJSONString(accessTokenMap);
jsapi_ticket = getJsapiTicketData("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + access_token + "&type=jsapi");
Map jsapiTicketMap = new HashMap();
jsapiTicketMap.put("expire_time", timestamp);
jsapiTicketMap.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapi_ticket);
jsapiTicketString = JSONObject.toJSONString(jsapiTicketMap);
// 写文件
try {
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File(getAccessTokenFilePath()), accessTokenString, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File(getJsapiTicketFilePath()), jsapiTicketString, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
//logger.debug("写入文件成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.debug("写文件异常：" + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
appWechatEntity.setJsapi_ticket(jsapi_ticket);
appWechatEntity.setExpire_time(timestamp);
appWechatEntity.setAccess_token(access_token);
//logger.debug("--------------结束执行getJsapiTicket方法--------------");
return appWechatEntity;
}
public String getAccessToken() {
//logger.debug("--------------开始执行getAccessToken方法--------------");
String access_token = "";
String accessTokenString = "";
AppWechatEntity appWechatEntity = new AppWechatEntity();
accessTokenString = readWechatTokenFile(getAccessTokenFilePath());
if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(accessTokenString)) {
appWechatEntity = JSONObject.parseObject(accessTokenString, AppWechatEntity.class);
access_token = appWechatEntity.getAccess_token();
long expireTime = appWechatEntity.getExpire_time();
long curTime = create_timestamp();
if (expireTime >= curTime) {
//logger.debug("已有的access_token=" + access_token);
return access_token;
}
}
long timestamp = create_timestamp() + 6000;//过期时间是2小时，但是可以提前进行更新，防止前端正好过期
access_token =
getAccessTokenData("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + configBeanValue.appid + "&secret=" + configBeanValue.secret);
Map accessTokenMap = new HashMap();
accessTokenMap.put("expire_time", timestamp);
accessTokenMap.put("access_token", access_token);
accessTokenString = JSONObject.toJSONString(accessTokenMap);
// 写文件
try {
FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File(getAccessTokenFilePath()), accessTokenString, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
//logger.debug("写入文件成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.debug("写文件异常：" + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
//logger.debug("新的access_token=" + access_token);
//logger.debug("--------------结束执行getAccessToken方法--------------");
return access_token;
}
private String readWechatTokenFile(String filePath) {
String content = "";
try {
if (new File(filePath).exists()) {
FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(filePath, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
content = fileReader.readString();
} else {
new File(filePath).createNewFile();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("读文件异常：" + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
return content;
}
private String getAccessTokenData(String url) {
String str = "";
String result = HttpUtil.get(url, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(result))
return str;
str = parseData("access_token", "expires_in", result);
return str;
}
private String getJsapiTicketData(String url) {
String str = "";
String result = HttpUtil.get(url, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(result))
return str;
str = parseData("ticket", "expires_in", result);
return str;
}
private String parseData(String tokenName, String expiresInName, String data) {
String tokenConent = "";
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(data);
try {
tokenConent = jsonObject.get(tokenName).toString();
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(tokenConent)) {
log.error("token获取失败,获取结果" + data);
return tokenConent;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("token 结果解析失败，token参数名称: " + tokenName + "有效期参数名称:" + expiresInName + "token请求结果:" + data);
e.printStackTrace();
return tokenConent;
}
return tokenConent;
}
private String byteToHex(final byte[] hash) {
Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
for (byte b : hash) {
formatter.format("%02x", b);
}
String result = formatter.toString();
formatter.close();
return result;
}
private String create_nonce_str() {
return IdUtil.simpleUUID();
}
private Long create_timestamp() {
return System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;
}
private String getJsapiTicketFilePath() {
return configBeanValue.tokenpath + "/" + configBeanValue.appid + "_jsapiTicket.txt";
}
private String getAccessTokenFilePath() {
return configBeanValue.tokenpath + "/" + configBeanValue.appid + "_accessToken.txt";
}
五.vue weixin-js-sdk进行微信分享
第一步：安装weixin-js-sdk
npm install weixin-js-sdk
第二步：
在assets文件下新建个common文件夹 ，然后再新建个utils.js文件
import wx from "weixin-js-sdk";
/*
* 微信分享
* 获取微信加签信息
* @param{data}:获取的微信加签
* @param{shareData}:分享配置参数
*/
export const wexinShare = (data, shareData) => {
let appId = data.appId;
let timestamp = data.timestamp;
let nonceStr = data.nonceStr;
let signature = data.signature;
wx.config({
debug: false, // 开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来，若要查看传入的参数，可以在pc端打开，参数信息会通过log打出，仅在pc端时才会打印。
appId: appId, // 必填，公众号的唯一标识
timestamp: timestamp, // 必填，生成签名的时间戳
nonceStr: nonceStr, // 必填，生成签名的随机串
signature: signature, // 必填，签名，见附录1
jsApiList: ['updateAppMessageShareData', 'updateTimelineShareData'] // 必填，需要使用的JS接口列表，所有JS接口列表见附录2
});
wx.ready(function () {
//分享到朋友圈”及“分享到QQ空间”
wx.updateTimelineShareData({
title: shareData.title, // 分享标题
link: shareData.link, // 分享链接，该链接域名或路径必须与当前页面对应的公众号JS安全域名一致
imgUrl: shareData.imgUrl, // 分享图标
success: function (res) {
// 设置成功
// console.log("分享成功返回的信息为:", res);
}
})
//“分享给朋友”及“分享到QQ”
wx.updateAppMessageShareData({
title: shareData.title, // 分享标题
desc: shareData.desc, // 分享描述
link: shareData.link, // 分享链接
imgUrl: shareData.imgUrl, // 分享图标
success: function (res) {
// console.log("分享成功返回的信息为:", res);;
}
})
});
wx.error(function (res) {
// config信息验证失败会执行error函数，如签名过期导致验证失败，具体错误信息可以打开config的debug模式查看，也可以在返回的res参数中查看，对于SPA可以在这里更新签名。
console.log('验证失败返回的信息:', res);
});
}
第三步：调用
import {wexinShare} from "@/common/utils.js";
//请求微信配置参数接口(获取签名)，由后台给接口给
get_share(){
var that = this;
var urls = that.$qs.stringify(window.location.href.split('#')[0]);
//看后台请求接口是get/post
that.$axios.post("/xxx",urls).then((res) => {
if (res.data) {
//微信加签
var obj = {
appId: res.data.appId,
nonceStr: res.data.nonceStr,
signature: res.data.signature,
timestamp: res.data.timestamp
}
//分享数据，这段主要是为了在hash模式下分享出去的链接不被浏览器截取，保证完全把链接分享出去
var shareWxLink = window.location.href.split('#')[0] + 'static/redirect.html?redirect=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&pid_uid=' + userinfo.uid;
// console.log('shareWxLink', shareWxLink)
let shareData = {
title: '标题', // 分享标题
link: shareWxLink,
imgUrl: 'http://xxx.jpg', // 分享图标
desc: '这里填写简介文字'
}
//引用
wexinShare(obj, that, shareData);
} else {
that.$toast('获取sdk参数失败！');
}
})
}
本文转载于：
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56961433/article/details/116135543
https://blog.csdn.net/u014678583/article/details/106024611
如果对您有所帮助，欢迎您点个关注，我会定时更新技术文档，大家一起讨论学习，一起进步。
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