SpringMVC—⑥拦截器

代码实现
1、先导包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.baidu</groupId>
  <artifactId>springMVC-interceptor</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>springMVC-interceptor Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!--servlet-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--jsp-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springMVC-interceptor</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

2、前端页面
主页
index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/toLogin">登录</a>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/toSuccess">强制成功</a>
</p>

</body>
</html>

登陆页面 login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<hr>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
    用户名: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码: <input type="text" name="pwd"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

登录成功页面success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>注销</title>
</head>
<body>
用户登陆成功
名字: ${name}
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/loginOut">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

3、controller

package com.anye.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/toLogin")
    public String toLogin(){
        return "login";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/toSuccess")
    public String success(){
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("login")
    public String login(String name, String pwd, HttpSession session){
        System.out.println("用户名"+name);
        session.setAttribute("name",name);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("loginOut")
    public String loginOut(HttpSession session){
        session.invalidate();
        return "login";
    }
}

4、编写拦截器

package com.anye.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class UserInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) throws Exception {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        System.out.println("进入UserInterceptor拦截器区域");

        //判断是不是登录页面,如果是就放行
           //获得请求的路径
        System.out.println("url"+request.getRequestURL());
        if(request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
            System.out.println("login放行");
            return true;
        }

           //如果用户已登录,放行
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        System.out.println(session.getAttribute("user"));
        if(request.getAttribute("user")!=null){
            System.out.println("登录放行");
            return true;
        }

          //如果用户没用登陆,想进入成功页面,拦截,让他回到登陆页面
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }
}

5、配置spring-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--扫描注解-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.anye.controller"/>
    <!--加载驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--静态资源过滤器-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--配置拦截器interceptors,这是复数,可以配置多个拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.anye.interceptor.UserInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    <bean id="InternalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

6、配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <!--配置过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <!--/*  包括.jsp-->
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

7、启动toncat测试
进入首页
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首先强制登录,会被拦截并返回登录界面
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在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述
输入用户名和密码登录

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在这里插入图片描述

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注销后
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拦截器与过滤器

SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中我们使用过的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和过后处理。
过滤器:

  • 过滤器是servlet规范中的一部分,任何javaweb工程都可以使用
  • 在web.xml的url-pattern中可以配置过滤器,/*可以对所有访问的资源进行拦截

拦截器:

  • 拦截器属于SpringMVC框架独有的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才可以使用
  • 拦截器只会拦截访问控制器的方法,如果访问的是静态资源是不会拦截的

拦截器和过滤器的区别:

  • 拦截器是基于Java反射机制的,而过滤器是基于函数回调
  • 拦截器不依赖于servlet容器,过滤器依赖于servlet容器
  • 拦截器只能对action请求起作用,而过滤器几乎可以对所有的请求起作用
  • 拦截器可以访问action上下文,而过滤器不能访问
  • 在action的生命周期里,拦截器可以多次被调用,而过滤器只能在容器初始化时被调用一次
  • 拦截器可以获取IOC容器中的各个bean,而过滤器就不行(这点很重要,在拦截器里注入一个service,可以调用业务逻辑)
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