leetcode 892. 三维形体的表面积

思路：bfs

只要某个点上有立方体，那么最下面和最上面一定能共享2.至于侧面能否有共享，只需要看周围的4个方向的高度即可。

class Solution {
public:
    int surfaceArea(vector<vector<int>>& grid) {
        int dr[]{0, 1, 0, -1};
        int dc[]{1, 0, -1, 0};

        int N = grid.size();
        int ans = 0;

        for (int r = 0; r < N; ++r)
            for (int c = 0; c < N; ++c)
                if (grid[r][c] > 0) {
                    ans += 2;
                    for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                        int nr = r + dr[k];
                        int nc = c + dc[k];
                        int nv = 0;
                        if (0 <= nr && nr < N && 0 <= nc && nc < N)
                            nv = grid[nr][nc];

                        ans += max(grid[r][c] - nv, 0);
                    }
                }

        return ans;
    }
};