C++函数对象-运算符函数对象 - 旧式绑定器与适配器 - 从函数指针创建与适配器兼容的函数对象包装器（std::ptr_fun）

任何定义了函数调用操作符的对象都是函数对象。C++ 支持创建、操作新的函数对象，同时也提供了许多内置的函数对象。

运算符函数对象

C++ 针对常用的算术和逻辑运算定义了很多函数对象：

旧式绑定器与适配器

早期提供功能支持的几个工具在 C++11 中弃用，并于 C++17 中移除（旧否定器于 C++17 中弃用并于 C++20 中移除）：

函数适配器

从函数指针创建与适配器兼容的函数对象包装器

std::ptr_fun

template< class Arg, class Result > std::pointer_to_unary_function<Arg,Result>     ptr_fun( Result (*f)(Arg) );	(1)	(C++11 中弃用) (C++17 中移除)
template< class Arg1, class Arg2, class Result > std::pointer_to_binary_function<Arg1,Arg2,Result>     ptr_fun( Result (*f)(Arg1, Arg2) );	(2)	(C++11 中弃用) (C++17 中移除)

创建函数包装器对象（ std::pointer_to_unary_function 或 std::pointer_to_binary_function ），从模板实参推导目标类型。

1) 等效地调用 std::pointer_to_unary_function<Arg,Result>(f) 。

2) 等效地调用 std::pointer_to_binary_function<Arg1,Arg2,Result>(f) 。

此函数与关联类型从 C++11 起被弃用，因为使用更通用的 std::function 和 std::ref 更好，它们都可以从简单函数创建与适配器兼容的函数对象。

参数

f

-

为之创建包装的指向函数指针

返回值

包装 f 的函数对象。

异常

（无）

调用示例

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <iterator>

struct Cell
{
    int x;
    int y;

    Cell() = default;
    Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}
    Cell(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x = cell.x;
        y = cell.y;
    }

    Cell &operator+(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator+=(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator*=(int n)
    {
        x *= n;
        y *= n;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator++()
    {
        x += 1;
        y += 1;
        return *this;
    }

    friend Cell operator +(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = cell1;
        cell += cell2;
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator *(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x * cell2.x, cell1.y * cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator /(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x / cell2.x, cell1.y / cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator %(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x % cell2.x, cell1.y % cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }

    friend bool operator ==(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        return cell1.x == cell2.x && cell1.y == cell2.y;
    }

    friend bool operator !=(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        return cell1.x != cell2.x && cell1.y != cell2.y;
    }

    friend bool operator <(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        if (cell1.x == cell2.x)
        {
            return cell1.y < cell2.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return cell1.x < cell2.x;
        }
    }

    friend bool operator >(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        if (cell1.x == cell2.x)
        {
            return cell1.y > cell2.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return cell1.x > cell2.x;
        }
    }

    friend bool operator &&(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        return cell1.x && cell2.x && cell1.y && cell2.y;
    }

    friend bool operator ||(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        return cell1.x || cell2.x || cell1.y || cell2.y;
    }

    friend bool operator !(const Cell &cell)
    {
        return !(cell.x && cell.x);
    }

    friend Cell operator &(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x & cell2.x, cell1.y & cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator |(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x | cell2.x, cell1.y | cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator ^(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
    {
        Cell cell = {cell1.x ^ cell2.x, cell1.y ^ cell2.y};
        return cell;
    }
};

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{
    os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
    return os;
}

Cell CellFunction(const Cell &cell)
{
    Cell tCell = cell + cell;
    return tCell;
}

int main()
{
    std::vector<Cell> vector1{{101, 101}, {102, 102}, {103, 103}, {104, 104}, {105, 105}};
    std::vector<Cell> result1(vector1.size());
    std::transform(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), result1.begin(), std::ptr_fun(CellFunction));

    std::cout << "data:     ";
    std::copy(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::cout << "result:   ";
    std::copy(result1.begin(), result1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    auto CellFunction2 = [](const Cell & cell)
    {
        Cell tCell = cell * Cell{3, 3};
        return tCell;
    };

    std::vector<Cell> vector2{{101, 101}, {102, 102}, {103, 103}, {104, 104}, {105, 105}};
    std::vector<Cell> result2(vector1.size());
    std::transform(vector2.begin(), vector2.end(), result2.begin(), std::ptr_fun(*CellFunction2));

    std::cout << "data:     ";
    std::copy(vector2.begin(), vector2.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::cout << "result:   ";
    std::copy(result2.begin(), result2.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出

data:     {101,101} {102,102} {103,103} {104,104} {105,105}
result:   {202,202} {204,204} {206,206} {208,208} {210,210}

data:     {101,101} {102,102} {103,103} {104,104} {105,105}
result:   {303,303} {306,306} {309,309} {312,312} {315,315}