C++标准模板（STL）- 类型支持 （类型属性，检查是否该类型对象的每一位都对其值有贡献，std::has_unique_object_representations）

类型特性

类型特性定义一个编译时基于模板的结构，以查询或修改类型的属性。

试图特化定义于 <type_traits> 头文件的模板导致未定义行为，除了 std::common_type 可依照其所描述特化。

定义于<type_traits>头文件的模板可以用不完整类型实例化，除非另外有指定，尽管通常禁止以不完整类型实例化标准库模板。

类型属性

检查是否该类型对象的每一位都对其值有贡献

std::has_unique_object_representations

定义于头文件 <type_traits>
template< class T > struct has_unique_object_representations;		(C++17 起)

若 T 为可平凡复制 (TriviallyCopyable) ，且若任意二个拥有相同值的 T 类型对象拥有相同的对象表示，则提供等于 true 的成员常量 value 。对于任何其他类型， value 为 false 。

为此特性的目的，若二个数组的元素拥有相同值，则数组拥有相同值，若二个非联合体类的子对象拥有相同值，则它们拥有相同值，而若二个联合体拥有相同的活跃成员，且该成员值相同，则它们拥有相同值。

标量类型是否满足此特性是实现定义的，但保证不使用填充位的无符号 (C++20 前)整数类型拥有唯一对象表示。

若 T 为 void （可以有 cv 限定）或未知边界数组外的不完整类型，则行为未定义。

模板形参

T

-

要检查的类型

辅助变量模板

template< class T > inline constexpr bool has_unique_object_representations_v = has_unique_object_representations<T>::value;

(C++17 起)

继承自 std::integral_constant

成员常量

value [静态]

若 T 拥有唯一对象表示则为 true ，否则为 false (公开静态成员常量)

成员函数

operator bool	转换对象为 bool ，返回 value (公开成员函数)
operator() (C++14)	返回 value (公开成员函数)

成员类型

类型	定义
value_type	bool
type	std::integral_constant<bool, value>

注意

引入此特性，是为了能够确定是否能通过哈希一个类型的对象表示，正确地哈希该类型。

调用示例

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>

namespace std
{

template <typename T>
struct has_unique_object_representations
{
    static const bool value = false; // 默认情况下，假设没有唯一的对象表示
};

template <>
struct has_unique_object_representations<void>
{
    static const bool value = true; // void 类型总是具有唯一的对象表示
};

template <typename T>
struct has_unique_object_representations<T*>
{
    static const bool value = true; // 指针类型总是具有唯一的对象表示
};

template <typename T>
struct has_unique_object_representations<T&>
{
    static const bool value = true; // 指针类型总是具有唯一的对象表示
};

template <typename T>
struct has_unique_object_representations<const T*>
{
    static const bool value = true; // 常量指针类型也总是具有唯一的对象表示
};

template <class T>
using has_unique_object_representations_t = typename has_unique_object_representations<T>::value;

//template <typename T>
//struct has_unique_object_representations<T>
//{
//    static const bool value = std::is_trivially_copyable<T>::value &&
//                              !std::is_reference<T>::value &&
//                              !std::is_volatile<T>::value &&
//                              !std::is_const<T>::value;
//};

}

class E
{
public:
    template<class T> E(T&&) { }
};

class A {};
class B : public A {};
class C {};
class D
{
public:
    operator C()
    {
        return c;
    }  C c;
};
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;

    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<A>::value          :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<A>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<B>::value          :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<B>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<C>::value          :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<C>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<D>::value          :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<D>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<E>::value          :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<E>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<float>::value      :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<float>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<int>::value        :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<int>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<bool>::value       :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<bool>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<char>::value       :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<char>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<viod>::value       :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<void>::value << std::endl;

    std::cout << "-----------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<A*>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<A*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<B*>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<B*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<C*>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<C*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<D*>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<D*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<E*>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<E*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<float*>::value     :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<float*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<int*>::value       :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<int*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<bool*>::value      :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<bool*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<char*>::value      :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<char*>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<viod*>::value      :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<void*>::value << std::endl;

    std::cout << "-----------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<A&>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<A&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<B&>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<B&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<C&>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<C&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<D&>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<D&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<E&>::value         :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<E&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<float&>::value     :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<float&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<int&>::value       :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<int&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<bool&>::value      :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<bool&>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::has_unique_object_representations<char&>::value      :       "
              << std::has_unique_object_representations<char&>::value << std::endl;

    std::cout << "-----------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出

std::has_unique_object_representations<A>::value          :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<B>::value          :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<C>::value          :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<D>::value          :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<E>::value          :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<float>::value      :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<int>::value        :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<bool>::value       :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<char>::value       :       false
std::has_unique_object_representations<viod>::value       :       true
-----------------------------------------------

std::has_unique_object_representations<A*>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<B*>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<C*>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<D*>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<E*>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<float*>::value     :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<int*>::value       :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<bool*>::value      :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<char*>::value      :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<viod*>::value      :       true
-----------------------------------------------

std::has_unique_object_representations<A&>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<B&>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<C&>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<D&>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<E&>::value         :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<float&>::value     :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<int&>::value       :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<bool&>::value      :       true
std::has_unique_object_representations<char&>::value      :       true
-----------------------------------------------