JSP
- JSP全名为Java Server Pages,中文名叫 java服务器页面,其简单来说就是一个servlet 。
- JSP可以跨平台使用,既能运行在Linux操作系统上,也可以运行在Windows操作平台上。
- 在传统的HTML文件中,加入了java代码。
- 如何在jsp中写入java代码呢?
1.获得变量的值 <%=new Date()%>>
2. 定义局部变量 :写一段java代码
严格遵守java规范
<%
java代码
%>
3.全局变量 <%! 全局变量或方法 %>
EL表达式:${} 只能输出值 不能输出对象
<%
//局部变量
String name = "hyf";
int age = 18;
int j = 0;
Date date = new Date();
%>
<%!
//全局变量,跨session执行
int i = 0;
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
日期:<%=new Date()%>
年龄:<%=age%>
名字:<%=name%>
i:<%=i++%>
j:<%=j++%>
</h1>
- 我们是如何通过jsp文件访问服务器的呢?
(1)首先,当用户请求一个jsp文件时,其实就是在执行servlet,服务器会先把 jsp 转化为servlet,所以我们访问jsp时,其实并不是访问jsp,而是在访问jsp翻译过的servlet;比如以下这段jsp代码
<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%--
1.获得变量的值 <%=new Date()%>>
2. 定义局部变量 :写一段java代码
严格遵守java规范
<%
java代码
%>
3.全局变量 <%! 全局变量或方法 %>
EL表达式:${} 只能输出值 不能输出对象
--%>
<%
String name = "hyf";
int age = 18;
int j = 0;
Date date = new Date();
%>
<%!
//跨session执行
int i = 0;
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
日期:<%=new Date()%>
年龄:<%=age%>
名字:<%=name%>
i:<%=i++%>
j:<%=j++%>
</h1>
</body>
</html>
(2)当我们通过浏览器访问 index.jsp 时,服务器会首先将index.jsp翻译成 index_jsp.class,我们可以访问index_jsp.java文件
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.20
* Generated at: 2019-07-16 04:33:44 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.Date;
public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {
//跨session执行
int i = 0;
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;
private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;
static {
_jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
_jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
_jspx_imports_classes = new java.util.HashSet<>();
_jspx_imports_classes.add("java.util.Date");
}
private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
return _jspx_imports_packages;
}
public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
return _jspx_imports_classes;
}
public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
}
}
}
return _el_expressionfactory;
}
public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
}
}
return _jsp_instancemanager;
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
return;
}
if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
return;
}
}
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write("\n");
out.write("\n");
out.write("\n");
out.write("\n");
out.write("\n");
out.write('\n');
String name = "hyf";
int age = 18;
int j = 0;
Date date = new Date();
out.write('\n');
out.write("\n");
out.write("<html>\n");
out.write(" <head>\n");
out.write(" <title>$Title$</title>\n");
out.write(" </head>\n");
out.write(" <body>\n");
out.write("<h1>\n");
out.write(" 日期:");
out.print(new Date());
out.write("\n");
out.write(" 年龄:");
out.print(age);
out.write("\n");
out.write(" 名字:");
out.print(name);
out.write("\n");
out.write(" i:");
out.print(i++);
out.write("\n");
out.write(" j:");
out.print(j++);
out.write("\n");
out.write("\n");
out.write("\n");
out.write("\n");
out.write("</h1>\n");
out.write(" </body>\n");
out.write("</html>\n");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try {
if (response.isCommitted()) {
out.flush();
} else {
out.clearBuffer();
}
} catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
- 我们可以看到 index_jsp.java 是继承类 HttpJspBase 这个类,而 HttpJspBase 这个类是继承 Serlvet 这个类的。
- 在web页面输出100个Hello World
<%for (int i = 0;i < 100;i++){%>
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
<%}%>