前端实践之调用手机摄像头

HTML5通过navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia调用手机摄像头问题

这篇文章主要介绍了HTML5通过navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia调用手机摄像头问题，本文通过实例代码给大家介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia

应项目要求，需要实现移动端app嵌入H5页面完成实人认证的功能。打开getUserMedia文档，链接如下：
https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/MediaDevices/getUserMedia
看上去很简单，最终却写的怀疑人生。

API环境

问题一：（为什么不管怎么配置都显示前置摄像头）

想正常使用API必须在https环境下进行，否则你会发现不管怎么写，都只能调用默认的摄像头（大部分都是前置，只有少部分是后置）
前端开发者可以将文件上传至"码云"仓库，获取https链接然后在手机上预览
链接：码云仓库入口

问题二：（API在安卓和ios效果一样吗？）

根据官方文档，目前navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia在ios上只支持11版本以上，且只能在safari正常运行。安卓目前没有发现版本限制，需要兼容的代码如下

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if (navigator.mediaDevices === undefined) {     navigator.mediaDevices = {};  } if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia === undefined) {     navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia = function (constraints) {     var getUserMedia = navigator.getUserMedia || navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia || navigator.msGetUserMedia || navigator.oGetUserMedia;     if (!getUserMedia) {         return Promise.reject(new Error('getUserMedia is not implemented in this browser'));     }     return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {         getUserMedia.call(navigator, constraints, resolve, reject);     });   } }

问题三：（第一次启用成功调用前置摄像头，第二次需要调用后置却黑屏或者失败）

失败的原因很多，列举两个一开始我遇到的问题
1.前置摄像头调用后，摄像功能需要关闭后才能正常执行第二次调用，否则会报错：设备被占用。解决方法，在每次执行调用方法前，先关闭摄像设备。

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if (window.stream) {     window.stream.getTracks().forEach(track => {           track.stop();     }); }

亲测有用，别的找了很多停止的方法都没有效果。
2.调用后置API的方法还是无法唤醒后置摄像头，于是我找到另外一个方法，通过查看手机摄像头ID，来直接唤醒后置。

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var deviceInfoId="", //摄像头ID     num = 0, //摄像头数量     carema = []; //摄像头ID数组     //在页面加载完成后获得设备ID数组 window.onload = navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices().then(gotDevices); function gotDevices(deviceInfos) {         for (let i = 0; i < deviceInfos.length; ++i) {             if (deviceInfos[i].kind === 'videoinput') {                 carema.push(deviceInfos[i].deviceId)               }         }         deviceInfoId = carema[后置位置]; }             var constraints = {                 audio: false,                 video: {                     deviceId: deviceInfoId,                     //放在app里面需要下面配置一下                     "permissions": {                         "audio-capture": {                             "description": "Required to capture audio using getUserMedia()"                         },                         "video-capture": {                             "description": "Required to capture video using getUserMedia()"                         }                     }                 }             };             navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints)                 .then(function (stream) {                     var video = document.getElementById('video');                     try {                         window.stream = stream;                         video.srcObject = stream;                     } catch (error) {                         video.src = window.URL.createObjectURL(stream);                     }                     this.localMediaStream = stream;                     // video.play();   这个加不加好像没有影响                 })                 .catch(function (err) {                     console.log(err.name + ": " + err.message);                 });

如果只是一部手机可以这样，但是测试了多部手机发现摄像头数组毫无规律可循，这个方法慎用。
如果页面上添加选择摄像设备的按钮的话，这个方法还是不错的。查看设备能调用几个摄像头链接如下：Select audio and video sources
由于我们的项目页面不希望出现切换按钮，面对后置出现的众多BUG，最终选择放弃，使用input调用摄像头。

1	<input class="card_input" v-on:change="appCapture($event)" type="file" accept="image/*" capture="camera" />

成功调用后用canvas实现成像并适应屏幕大小

我这里的代码是取video的宽高然后复制给canvas，这样可以让canvas和video保持一致，只用给video设置宽度100%，高度调节成合适的值，就实现了适应手机屏幕。

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var video = document.getElementById('video');           var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas'),               ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'),               CHeight = video.clientHeight, //获取屏幕大小让canvas自适应               CWidth = video.clientWidth;           canvas.width = CWidth;           canvas.height = CHeight;           //localMediaStream 在data里定义一个{}           if (localMediaStream) {               ctx.drawImage(video, 0, 0, CWidth, CHeight);               var dataURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg'); //dataURL = 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAA'               img.src = dataURL;

video成像镜像问题

API唤醒的前置摄像头是相反的，很不舒服很不舒服。
之后用css处理一下给video添加 transform: rotate(180deg),可以实现反转，但是还是没有达到和手机一样的效果。
这时候可以选择通过设备ID调用前置摄像头，前置摄像头的laval一直都是“default”，也有的是空值，但是也能实现。
配置代码如下：

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var constraints = window.constraints = {                audio: false,                video: {                    sourceId: 'default',                    facingMode:  { exact: "user" }                }              };

完美调用自己手机的前置摄像头！！！

完整代码如下：

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<div @click='moveToCameraAVG()' v-cloak>      <img v-if="imginfo!==''" :src="imginfo" />      <div class="warm_title2">点击自拍一张头像</div> </div> <video id="video" class="pic_video" playsinline autoplay x5-video-player-type="h5" style='object-fit:fill'></video> <canvas id="canvas" class="canvas_pic" style='margin: 0;padding: 0;'></canvas> <div class="bottom_div">     <div>拍照</div>     <img src='images/pic_btn.png' class="capture-btn" @click='captureAvg' /> </div>

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// 头像相机        moveToCameraAVG() {            var self = this;            if (navigator.mediaDevices === undefined) {                navigator.mediaDevices = {};            }            if (navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia === undefined) {                navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia = function (constraints) {                    var getUserMedia = navigator.getUserMedia || navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia || navigator.msGetUserMedia || navigator.oGetUserMedia;                    if (!getUserMedia) {                        return Promise.reject(new Error('getUserMedia is not implemented in this browser'));                    }                    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {                        getUserMedia.call(navigator, constraints, resolve, reject);                    });                }            }            if (window.stream) {                window.stream.getTracks().forEach(track => {                    track.stop();                });            }            var constraints = window.constraints = {                audio: false,                video: {                    sourceId: 'default',                    facingMode:  { exact: "user" }                }              };            navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints)                .then(function (stream) {                    var video = document.getElementById('video');                    try {                        window.stream = stream;                        video.srcObject = stream;                    } catch (error) {                        video.src = window.URL.createObjectURL(stream);                    }                    self.localMediaStream = stream;                    video.play();                })                .catch(function (err) {                    alert(err.name + ": " + err.message);                });        },        //停止摄像机        stopCapture: function () {            var video = document.getElementById('video');            if (!video.srcObject) return            let stream = video.srcObject            let tracks = stream.getTracks();            tracks.forEach(track => {                track.stop()            })        },        // 头像照片        captureAvg() {            var vm = this;            var video = document.getElementById('video');            var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas'),                ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'),                CHeight = video.clientHeight, //获取屏幕大小让canvas自适应                CWidth = video.clientWidth;            canvas.width = CWidth;            canvas.height = CHeight;            if (vm.localMediaStream) {                ctx.drawImage(video, 0, 0, CWidth, CHeight);                var dataURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg'); //dataURL = 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAA'                vm.imginfo = dataURL;                // 停止摄像机                video.pause();                this.stopCapture();            }        },

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