Spring的前置增强,后置增强,异常抛出增强、自定义增强

前言

        根据b站up主的视频,进行编码总结。

        就我自己的理解,切点表示的是在程序运行中,在何处切入想要执行的逻辑代码,即表示需要增强的部分,通常情况下,使用明确的类名和方法名称,或者正则表达式指定这些切入点。

        整体的目录结构:

目录

前言

1、先创建一个maven项目,pom文件中引入相关的依赖

2、在resources目录下创建一个spring-aop.xml文件

3、在java文件下创建advice包以及该包下相应的类

 4、后置增强

 5、异常抛出增强

6、环绕增强

7、最终增强(即实现了后置增强和异常抛出增强)

8、自定义增强

9、总结


1、先创建一个maven项目,pom文件中引入相关的依赖

         <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.22</version>
        </dependency>


        <!--  引入AOP依赖   -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.2</version>
        </dependency>

2、在resources目录下创建一个spring-aop.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">


    <bean class="advice.AdviceTarget" id="adviceTarget"/>
    <bean class="advice.BeforeService" id="beforeService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterReturnService" id="afterReturnService"/>
    <bean class="advice.ExceptionService" id="exceptionService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AroundService" id="aroundService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterService" id="afterService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AdviceTest" id="adviceTest"/>

    <aop:config>
<!--        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.testAdvice(..))"/>-->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.*(..))"/>
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="beforeService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterReturnService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="exceptionService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="aroundService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
        <aop:aspect ref="adviceTest">
            <aop:before method="test" pointcut-ref="point"/>
        </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>


</beans>

        要使用到的类都要在此xml文件中进行bean文件的配置(spring的任何从操作都离不开bean)

3、在java文件下创建advice包以及该包下相应的类

        前置增强  BeforeService.java

package advice;

import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/7 17:33
 * @Description:
 */
public class BeforeService implements MethodBeforeAdvice {


    public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("---------------前置增强start---------");
        System.out.println(target + "的" + method.getName() + "方法,参数是" + Arrays.toString(args));
        System.out.println("---------------前置增强end---------");
    }

}

        在test下的springTest包下编写测试类AdviceTest:

package springTest;

import advice.AdviceTarget;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/7 18:11
 * @Description:
 */
public class AdviceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
        AdviceTarget target = context.getBean(AdviceTarget.class);
        target.testAdvice("p1", 123);
        
//        try {
//            target.testException();
//        } catch (Exception e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }
    }
}

在spring-aop.xml文件中创建bean,并配置切点(当前为前置增强)

<bean class="advice.AdviceTarget" id="adviceTarget"/>
<bean class="advice.BeforeService" id="beforeService"/>


 <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="beforeService" pointcut-ref="point"/>
 </aop:config>

对以上配置文件进行解释,首先使用<bean>标签声明两个类,然后配置切入点aop:pointcut,切入点为advice包下的AdviceTarget类下的所有方法,aop:advisor表示要切入的类。

运行结果:

 4、后置增强

package advice;

import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/7 20:21
 * @Description: 后置增强必须是正常执行完的代码,如果程序执行报错,那么不会进行后置增强
 */
public class AfterReturnService implements AfterReturningAdvice {
    public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("---------------后置增强start---------");
        System.out.println(target + "的" + method.getName() + "方法,参数是" + Arrays.toString(args)+"  返回值是: "+returnValue);
        System.out.println("---------------后置增强end---------");
    }
}
<bean class="advice.AdviceTarget" id="adviceTarget"/>
<bean class="advice.AfterReturnService" id="afterReturnService"/>


<aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterReturnService" pointcut-ref="point"/>
</aop:config>

运行结果:

 5、异常抛出增强

package advice;

import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/7 20:33
 * @Description: 异常抛出增强是为了解决后置增强抛出异常不能正常进行的问题
 *                那么异常抛出增强可用于数据库提交过程中的数据回滚,能够保证数据的一致性
 */
public class ExceptionService implements ThrowsAdvice {
    public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception e) {
        System.out.println("---------------异常抛出增强start---------");
        System.out.println(target + "的" + method.getName() + "异常信息是:" + e.getMessage());
        System.out.println("---------------异常抛出增强end---------");
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">


    <bean class="advice.AdviceTarget" id="adviceTarget"/>
    <bean class="advice.BeforeService" id="beforeService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterReturnService" id="afterReturnService"/>
    <bean class="advice.ExceptionService" id="exceptionService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AroundService" id="aroundService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterService" id="afterService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AdviceTest" id="adviceTest"/>

    <aop:config>
<!--        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.testAdvice(..))"/>-->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.*(..))"/>
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="beforeService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterReturnService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="exceptionService" pointcut-ref="point"/>
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="aroundService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:aspect ref="adviceTest">-->
<!--            <aop:before method="test" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        </aop:aspect>-->
    </aop:config>


</beans>

这个时候就要打开测试异常的方法,

AdviceTest.java
package springTest;

import advice.AdviceTarget;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/7 18:11
 * @Description:
 */
public class AdviceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
        AdviceTarget target = context.getBean(AdviceTarget.class);
//        target.testAdvice("p1", 123);
        try {
            target.testException();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

        异常抛出增强是为了解决后置增强在执行过程中抛出异常,而不执行的情况,例如:在一个数据事务提交过程中,由于出现异常,导致数据不会滚,即后置增强不能正常运行,那么异常抛出增强就可以实现数据的回滚。

6、环绕增强

package advice;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/8 9:21
 * @Description:
 */
public class AroundService implements MethodInterceptor {
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("--------环绕增强Start----------");
        Object target = invocation.getThis();    //目标方法所在的类
        Method method = invocation.getMethod();   //被调用的目标方法
        Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();  //调用目标方法时的参数
        System.out.println(target + " 的 " + method.getName() + " 方法。参数是: " + Arrays.toString(args));
        try {
            Object returnVal = invocation.proceed();   //执行目标方法
            System.out.println("--------环绕增强End----------");
            return returnVal;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("--------环绕增强捕获异常----------");
            throw e;
        }
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">


    <bean class="advice.AdviceTarget" id="adviceTarget"/>
    <bean class="advice.BeforeService" id="beforeService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterReturnService" id="afterReturnService"/>
    <bean class="advice.ExceptionService" id="exceptionService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AroundService" id="aroundService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterService" id="afterService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AdviceTest" id="adviceTest"/>

    <aop:config>
<!--        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.testAdvice(..))"/>-->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.*(..))"/>
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="beforeService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterReturnService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="exceptionService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="aroundService" pointcut-ref="point"/>
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:aspect ref="adviceTest">-->
<!--            <aop:before method="test" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        </aop:aspect>-->
    </aop:config>


</beans>

带异常的执行结果:(不执行环绕增强end)

7、最终增强(即实现了后置增强和异常抛出增强)

package advice;

import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/8 9:34
 * @Description:
 */
public class AfterService implements AfterReturningAdvice, ThrowsAdvice {

    @Override
    public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("---------------后置增强start---------");
        System.out.println(target + "的" + method.getName() + "方法,参数是" + Arrays.toString(args) + "  返回值是: " + returnValue);
        System.out.println("---------------后置增强end---------");
    }


    public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception e) {
        System.out.println("---------------异常抛出增强start---------");
        System.out.println(target + "的" + method.getName() + "异常信息是:" + e.getMessage());
        System.out.println("---------------异常抛出增强end---------");
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">


    <bean class="advice.AdviceTarget" id="adviceTarget"/>
    <bean class="advice.BeforeService" id="beforeService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterReturnService" id="afterReturnService"/>
    <bean class="advice.ExceptionService" id="exceptionService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AroundService" id="aroundService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterService" id="afterService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AdviceTest" id="adviceTest"/>

    <aop:config>
<!--        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.testAdvice(..))"/>-->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.*(..))"/>
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="beforeService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterReturnService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="exceptionService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="aroundService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterService" pointcut-ref="point"/>
<!--        <aop:aspect ref="adviceTest">-->
<!--            <aop:before method="test" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        </aop:aspect>-->
    </aop:config>


</beans>

运行结果:

8、自定义增强

创建自定义类 AdviceTest.java

package advice;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/8 9:50
 * @Description:
 */
public class AdviceTest {
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("我是一个普通类!");
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">


    <bean class="advice.AdviceTarget" id="adviceTarget"/>
    <bean class="advice.BeforeService" id="beforeService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterReturnService" id="afterReturnService"/>
    <bean class="advice.ExceptionService" id="exceptionService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AroundService" id="aroundService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AfterService" id="afterService"/>
    <bean class="advice.AdviceTest" id="adviceTest"/>

    <aop:config>
<!--        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.testAdvice(..))"/>-->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* advice.AdviceTarget.*(..))"/>
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="beforeService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterReturnService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="exceptionService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="aroundService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterService" pointcut-ref="point"/>-->
        <aop:aspect ref="adviceTest">
            <aop:before method="test" pointcut-ref="point"/>
        </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>


</beans>

        对以上xml文件进行解释,定义了 AdviceTest 类里面的test()方法为切入方法

        使用的测试方法不能是使用带异常的测试方法:

package springTest;

import advice.AdviceTarget;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @Author 不要有情绪的  ljy
 * @Date 2022/9/7 18:11
 * @Description:
 */
public class AdviceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
        AdviceTarget target = context.getBean(AdviceTarget.class);
        target.testAdvice("p1", 123);
//        try {
//            target.testException();
//        } catch (Exception e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }
    }
}

运行结果:

9、总结

以上就是springAOP的切入增强的方式,

为什么要存在切入增强?

        切入增强是为了拦截某个切入点,然后在该切入点进行扩展现有行为。

要使用在什么样的场景?

        1、用于日志打印
        2、用于全局异常处理拦截
        3、返回值统一处理
        4、多数据源切换

        其目的是对业务逻辑的各个部分进行分拆,从而使得业务逻辑各部分之间的耦合度降低,提高程序的可重用性,同时提高了开发的效率。

万物明朗,可可爱爱!
愿你天天有个好心情,热爱每一段代码!
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