RESTful SpringMVC CRUD

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-16 07:30:00 发布

JoeyChanYC

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-16 07:30:00 发布

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分类专栏： SpringMVC 文章标签： java jsp web

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40867650/article/details/105775203

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模拟操作数据库，实现RESTful的SpringMVC CRUD所需要的类：
实体类：Employee、Department
Handler：EmployeeDao、DepartmentDao
相关页面：list.jsp、input.jsp、edit.jsp

这里我们要复习以下REST风格的URI

/user/1 HTTP GET ：得到id=1的user
/user/1 HTTP DELETE ：删除id=1的user
/user/1 HTTP PUT ：更新id=1的user
/user HTTP POST ：新增user

开始
新建一个Java动态项目，导入jar包
在这里插入图片描述
配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

	<!-- 配置 SpringMVC 的 DispatcherServlet -->
	<!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>

	<!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	
	<!-- 配置 HiddenHttpMethodFilter: 把 POST 请求转为 DELETE、PUT 请求 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

</web-app>

配置springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
	<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.springmvc"></context:component-scan>
	<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>
<beans/>

实体类
Employee.java

package com.springmvc.crud.entities;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.validation.constraints.Past;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.NumberFormat;

public class Employee {

	private Integer id;
	private String lastName;
	private String email;
	//1 male, 0 female
	private Integer gender;
	private Department department;
	private Date birth;
	private Float salary;

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}

	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public Integer getGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(Integer gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	public Department getDepartment() {
		return department;
	}

	public void setDepartment(Department department) {
		this.department = department;
	}

	public Date getBirth() {
		return birth;
	}

	public void setBirth(Date birth) {
		this.birth = birth;
	}

	public Float getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(Float salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Employee [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email="
				+ email + ", gender=" + gender + ", department=" + department
				+ ", birth=" + birth + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
	}

	public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender,
			Department department) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.lastName = lastName;
		this.email = email;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.department = department;
	}

	public Employee() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
}

Department.java

package com.springmvc.crud.entities;

public class Department {

	private Integer id;
	private String departmentName;

	public Department() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	
	public Department(int i, String string) {
		this.id = i;
		this.departmentName = string;
	}

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getDepartmentName() {
		return departmentName;
	}

	public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) {
		this.departmentName = departmentName;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Department [id=" + id + ", departmentName=" + departmentName
				+ "]";
	}
	
}

Handler
EmployeeDao.java

package com.springmvc.crud.dao;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Department;
import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Employee;

@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {

	private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;
	
	@Autowired
	private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
	
	static{
		employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();

		employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(101, "D-AA")));
		employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1, new Department(102, "D-BB")));
		employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0, new Department(103, "D-CC")));
		employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0, new Department(104, "D-DD")));
		employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1, new Department(105, "D-EE")));
	}
	
	private static Integer initId = 1006;
	
	public void save(Employee employee){
		if(employee.getId() == null){
			employee.setId(initId++);
		}
		
		employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
		employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
	}
	
	public Collection<Employee> getAll(){
		return employees.values();
	}
	
	public Employee get(Integer id){
		return employees.get(id);
	}
	
	public void delete(Integer id){
		employees.remove(id);
	}
}

DepartmentDao.java

package com.springmvc.crud.dao;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Department;

@Repository
public class DepartmentDao {

	private static Map<Integer, Department> departments = null;
	
	static{
		departments = new HashMap<Integer, Department>();
		
		departments.put(101, new Department(101, "D-AA"));
		departments.put(102, new Department(102, "D-BB"));
		departments.put(103, new Department(103, "D-CC"));
		departments.put(104, new Department(104, "D-DD"));
		departments.put(105, new Department(105, "D-EE"));
	}
	
	public Collection<Department> getDepartments(){
		return departments.values();
	}
	
	public Department getDepartment(Integer id){
		return departments.get(id);
	}
	
}

显示所有员工信息

流程
在这里插入图片描述

编写一个目标方法
Controller：EmployeeHandler.java

package com.springmvc.crud.handlers;

import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import com.springmvc.crud.dao.EmployeeDao;

@Controller
public class EmployeeHandler {
	@Autowired
	private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
	
	@RequestMapping("/emps")
	public String list(Map<String, Object> map){
		map.put("employees", employeeDao.getAll());
		return "list";
	}
}

index.jsp

<a href="emps">List All Employees</a>

列表显示页面list.jsp，配置文件中配置路径为WEB-INF/views
SpringMVC中并没有遍历的标签，所以要使用原生的JSTL
所以需要导入jar包
在这里插入图片描述

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
    
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<body>
	
	<c:if test="${empty requestScope.employees }">
		没有任何员工信息.
	</c:if>
	<c:if test="${!empty requestScope.employees }">
		<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
			<tr>
				<th>ID</th>
				<th>LastName</th>
				<th>Email</th>
				<th>Gender</th>
				<th>Department</th>
				<th>Edit</th>
				<th>Delete</th>
			</tr>
			
			<c:forEach items="${requestScope.employees }" var="emp">
				<tr>
					<td>${emp.id }</td>
					<td>${emp.lastName }</td>
					<td>${emp.email }</td>
					<td>${emp.gender == 0 ? 'Female' : 'Male' }</td>
					<td>${emp.department.departmentName }</td>
					<td><a href="">Edit</a></td>
					<td><a href="">Delete</a></td>
				</tr>
			</c:forEach>
		</table>
	</c:if>
	
</body>
</html>

添加员工信息

流程
在这里插入图片描述
基于REST风格的URI，我们需要注意：

显示页面的URI为emp，请求方式为GET，添加员工页面的URI为emp，请求方式为POET，区别请求方式，来区别所要执行的操作
添加员工的页面Department选择框是来源于Dao的，所以要经过Handler
添加员工信息成功后的使用 重定向 到list.jsp页面进行显示

在list.jsp写一个超链接

<a href="emp">Add New Employee</a>

在EmployeeHandler.java中添加一个方法，用于显示添加页面的选择框信息

@RequestMapping(value="/emp", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String input(Map<String, Object> map){
	map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
	map.put("employee", new Employee());
	return "input";
	}

在WEB-INF/views创建一个input.jsp

<%@page import="java.util.HashMap"%>
<%@page import="java.util.Map"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
    
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

	<!--  
		1. WHY 使用 form 标签呢 ?
		可以更快速的开发出表单页面, 而且可以更方便的进行表单值的回显
		2. 注意:
		可以通过 modelAttribute 属性指定绑定的模型属性,若没有指定该属性，则默认从 request 域对象中读取 command 的表单 bean,如果该属性值也不存在，则会发生错误。
		即是：SpringMVC认为表单一定是需要回显的，即便是第一次请求，SpringMVC都会上request域里找bean来匹配当前的表单值，即便你不需要回显，也需要这样做，不然会报错。
		modelAttribute="employee"和Controller的map.put("employee", new Employee());双引号的标识符一致
	-->
	
	<form:form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/emp" method="POST" modelAttribute="employee">
	
		LastName: <form:input path="lastName"/>
		<br>
		Email: <form:input path="email"/> 
		<br>
		<% 
			Map<String, String> genders = new HashMap();
			genders.put("1", "Male");
			genders.put("0", "Female");
			
			request.setAttribute("genders", genders);
		%>
		<!-- delimiter指的是多个选项框可以指定分隔符，如下使用<br>分隔 -->
		Gender: <form:radiobuttons path="gender" items="${genders }" delimiter="<br>"/>
		<br>
		Department: <form:select path="department.id" 
			items="${departments }" itemLabel="departmentName" itemValue="id"></form:select>
		<br>
		Birth: <form:input path="birth"/>
		<br>
		Salary: <form:input path="salary"/>
		<br>
		<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
	</form:form>
	
</body>
</html>

在EmployeeHandler.java中添加一个目标方法，用于保存添加的员工信息

@RequestMapping(value="/emp", method=RequestMethod.POST)
	public String save(Employee employee){
		employeeDao.save(employee);
		return "redirect:/emps";
}

删除员工

流程
在这里插入图片描述
修改上面的list.jsp

<td><a href="emp/{emp.id}">Delete</a></td>

在EmployeeHandler.java中添加一个目标方法，用于删除员工

@RequestMapping(value="/emp/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
	employeeDao.delete(id);
	return "redirect:/emps";
}

这个时候还需要在list.jsp把超链接转为DELETE请求，我们需要依靠web.xml配置文件中的HiddenHttpMethodFilter

<!-- 配置 HiddenHttpMethodFilter: 把 POST 请求转为 DELETE、PUT 请求 -->
<filter>
	<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

还需要借助jQuery，需要把jQuery脚本库导入到WebContent/script或者webapp/script
在list.jsp中添加以下代码

<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
	$(function(){
		$(".delete").click(function(){
			var href = $(this).attr("href");
			$("form").attr("action", href).submit();			
			return false;
		});
	})
</script>

注意： 在这里会遇到静态资源文件找不到，即jQuery库文件找不到，这个的根本原因是SpringMVC在处理静态资源文件出现的问题。

优雅的 REST 风格的资源URL 不希望带 .html 或 .do 等后缀，若将 DispatcherServlet 请求映射配置为 /，则 Spring MVC 将捕获 WEB 容器的所有请求, 包括静态资源的请求, SpringMVC 会将他们当成一个普通请求处理, 因而找不到对应处理器将导致错误。

解决: 在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中配置 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
这样会发现虽然能够访问到静态资源，但是其他映射路径无法访问了
这个时候我们需要在SpringMVC配置文件中配置<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>就可以解决了

<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>的作用：default-servlet-handler 将在 SpringMVC 上下文中定义一个 DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler，它会对进入 DispatcherServlet 的请求进行筛查，如果发现是没有经过映射的请求，就将该请求交由 WEB 应用服务器默认的 Servlet 处理，如果不是静态资源的请求（映射过的），才由 DispatcherServlet 继续处理

把超链接转为DELETE请求，还需要list.jsp页面上加上隐藏form表单

<form action="" method="POST">
	<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"/>
</form>

修改员工信息

流程
在这里插入图片描述
修改list.jsp页面

<td><a href="emp/${emp.id}">Edit</a></td>

在EmployeeHandler.java中添加一个目标方法，用于显示修改页面

@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;

@RequestMapping(value="/emp/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String input(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Map<String, Object> map){
	map.put("employee", employeeDao.get(id));//"employee"必须和input.jsp页面表单页面的属性值"employee"是一致的
	map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
	return "input";
}

完善input.jsp页面

<%@page import="java.util.HashMap"%>
<%@page import="java.util.Map"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
    
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

	<form action="testConversionServiceConverer" method="POST">
		<!-- lastname-email-gender-department.id 例如: GG-gg@atguigu.com-0-105 -->
		Employee: <input type="text" name="employee"/>
		<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
	</form>
	
	<form:form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/emp" method="POST" 
		modelAttribute="employee">
	
		<c:if test="${employee.id == null }">
			LastName: <form:input path="lastName"/>
		</c:if>
		<c:if test="${employee.id != null }">
			<form:hidden path="id"/>
			<!-- 将POST请求转换为PUT请求，上面已经在SpringMVC配置文件中配置了HiddenHttpMethodFilter -->
			<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"/>
			<!-- 对于 _method 不能使用 form:hidden 标签, 因为 modelAttribute 对应的 bean 中没有 _method 这个属性 -->
			<!-- 
			<form:hidden path="_method" value="PUT"/>
			-->
		</c:if>
		
		<br>
		Email: <form:input path="email"/>
		<br>
		<% 
			Map<String, String> genders = new HashMap();
			genders.put("1", "Male");
			genders.put("0", "Female");
			
			request.setAttribute("genders", genders);
		%>
		Gender: 
		<br>
		<form:radiobuttons path="gender" items="${genders }" delimiter="<br>"/>
		<br>
		Department: <form:select path="department.id" 
			items="${departments }" itemLabel="departmentName" itemValue="id"></form:select>
		<br>
		Birth: <form:input path="birth"/>
		<br>
		Salary: <form:input path="salary"/>
		<br>
		<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
	</form:form>
	
</body>
</html>

在EmployeeHandler.java中添加一个目标方法，用于修改员工信息


@RequestMapping(value="/emp", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String update(Employee employee){
	employeeDao.save(employee);
	return "redirect:/emps";
}

因为要求last_name不可修改，还需要添加一个@ModelAttribute标注的方法来实现以下流程
在这里插入图片描述

@ModelAttribute
public void getEmployee(@RequestParam(value="id",required=false) Integer id,
		Map<String, Object> map){
	if(id != null){ //id不为空就说明是修改操作，id为空就是添加操作
		map.put("employee", employeeDao.get(id));
	}
}

JoeyChanYC

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RESTful SpringMVC CRUD

模拟操作数据库，实现RESTful的SpringMVC CRUD所需要的类：实体类：Employee、DepartmentHandler：EmployeeDao、DepartmentDao相关页面：list.jsp、input.jsp、edit.jsp新建一个Java动态项目，导入jar包配置web.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"...
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