Datawhale 零基础入门数据挖掘-Task5 模型融合

Datawhale 零基础入门数据挖掘-Task5 模型融合

1.学习内容

对于调参完成的模型进行模型融合。
模型融合一般有三种：
1.简单加权融合
2.stacking/blending
3.boosting/bagging

2.Stacking简介

2.1 stacking是什么

当用初始训练数据学习出若干个基学习器后，将这几个学习器输出的结果作为新的训练集，这个新的训练集被用来训练一个新的学习器。

2.2 怎样进行stacking

stacking方法讲解
步骤一. 基模型 Model1_1，对训练集train训练，然后用于预测 train 和 test 的标签列，分别是P1，T1
步骤二. 基模型 Model1_2 ，对训练集train训练，然后用于预测train和test的标签列，分别是P2，T2
步骤三. 分别把P1,P2以及T1,T2合并，得到一个新的训练集和测试集train2,test2.

3 代码实现

3.1 加权平均数据，融合结果

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

## 定义结果的加权平均函数
def Weighted_method(test_pre1,test_pre2,test_pre3,w=[1/3,1/3,1/3]):
    Weighted_result = w[0]*pd.Series(test_pre1)+w[1]*pd.Series(test_pre2)+w[2]*pd.Series(test_pre3)
    return Weighted_result
from sklearn import metrics
# 各模型的预测结果计算MAE
print('Pred1 MAE:',metrics.mean_absolute_error(y_test_true, test_pre1))
print('Pred2 MAE:',metrics.mean_absolute_error(y_test_true, test_pre2))
print('Pred3 MAE:',metrics.mean_absolute_error(y_test_true, test_pre3))
w = [0.3,0.4,0.3] # 定义比重权值
Weighted_pre = Weighted_method(test_pre1,test_pre2,test_pre3,w)
print('Weighted_pre MAE:',metrics.mean_absolute_error(y_test_true, Weighted_pre))

3.2 Stacking融合(回归)

from sklearn import linear_model

def Stacking_method(train_reg1,train_reg2,train_reg3,y_train_true,test_pre1,test_pre2,test_pre3,model_L2= linear_model.LinearRegression()):
    model_L2.fit(pd.concat([pd.Series(train_reg1),pd.Series(train_reg2),pd.Series(train_reg3)],axis=1).values,y_train_true)
    Stacking_result = model_L2.predict(pd.concat([pd.Series(test_pre1),pd.Series(test_pre2),pd.Series(test_pre3)],axis=1).values)
    return Stacking_result
model_L2= linear_model.LinearRegression()
Stacking_pre = Stacking_method(train_reg1,train_reg2,train_reg3,y_train_true,
                               test_pre1,test_pre2,test_pre3,model_L2)
print('Stacking_pre MAE:',metrics.mean_absolute_error(y_test_true, Stacking_pre))

3.3 分类模型融合

from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
import numpy as np
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import VotingClassifier
from xgboost import XGBClassifier
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.datasets import make_moons
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score,roc_auc_score
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score
from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold
iris = datasets.load_iris()

x=iris.data
y=iris.target
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.3)

clf1 = XGBClassifier(learning_rate=0.1, n_estimators=150, max_depth=3, min_child_weight=2, subsample=0.7,
                     colsample_bytree=0.6, objective='binary:logistic')
clf2 = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=50, max_depth=1, min_samples_split=4,
                              min_samples_leaf=63,oob_score=True)
clf3 = SVC(C=0.1)

# 硬投票
eclf = VotingClassifier(estimators=[('xgb', clf1), ('rf', clf2), ('svc', clf3)], voting='hard')
for clf, label in zip([clf1, clf2, clf3, eclf], ['XGBBoosting', 'Random Forest', 'SVM', 'Ensemble']):
    scores = cross_val_score(clf, x, y, cv=5, scoring='accuracy')
    print("Accuracy: %0.2f (+/- %0.2f) [%s]" % (scores.mean(), scores.std(), label))

3.4 分类的stacking融合

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import ExtraTreesClassifier,GradientBoostingClassifier
import pandas as pd
#创建训练的数据集
data_0 = iris.data
data = data_0[:100,:]

target_0 = iris.target
target = target_0[:100]

#模型融合中使用到的各个单模型
clfs = [LogisticRegression(solver='lbfgs'),
        RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=5, n_jobs=-1, criterion='gini'),
        ExtraTreesClassifier(n_estimators=5, n_jobs=-1, criterion='gini'),
        ExtraTreesClassifier(n_estimators=5, n_jobs=-1, criterion='entropy'),
        GradientBoostingClassifier(learning_rate=0.05, subsample=0.5, max_depth=6, n_estimators=5)]
 
#切分一部分数据作为测试集
X, X_predict, y, y_predict = train_test_split(data, target, test_size=0.3, random_state=2020)

dataset_blend_train = np.zeros((X.shape[0], len(clfs)))
dataset_blend_test = np.zeros((X_predict.shape[0], len(clfs)))

#5折stacking
n_splits = 5
skf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits)
skf = skf.split(X, y)

for j, clf in enumerate(clfs):
    #依次训练各个单模型
    dataset_blend_test_j = np.zeros((X_predict.shape[0], 5))
    for i, (train, test) in enumerate(skf):
        #5-Fold交叉训练，使用第i个部分作为预测，剩余的部分来训练模型，获得其预测的输出作为第i部分的新特征。
        X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test = X[train], y[train], X[test], y[test]
        clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
        y_submission = clf.predict_proba(X_test)[:, 1]
        dataset_blend_train[test, j] = y_submission
        dataset_blend_test_j[:, i] = clf.predict_proba(X_predict)[:, 1]
    #对于测试集，直接用这k个模型的预测值均值作为新的特征。
    dataset_blend_test[:, j] = dataset_blend_test_j.mean(1)
    print("val auc Score: %f" % roc_auc_score(y_predict, dataset_blend_test[:, j]))

clf = LogisticRegression(solver='lbfgs')
clf.fit(dataset_blend_train, y)
y_submission = clf.predict_proba(dataset_blend_test)[:, 1]

print("Val auc Score of Stacking: %f" % (roc_auc_score(y_predict, y_submission)))

4 总结

本次学习我学习了如何进行融合，从结果、特征、模型三个方面分别进行融合，使代码学习的准确率和效率进一步提升。