View简单介绍
This class represents the basic building block for user interface components. A Viewoccupies a rectangular area on the screen and is responsible for drawing and event handling.
View是屏幕上的一块矩形区域,负责界面的绘制与触摸事件的处理,它是一种界面层控件的抽象,所有的控件都继承自View。
View是Android显示框架中较为复杂的一环,首先是它的生命周期会随着Activity的生命周期进行变化,掌握View的生命周期对我们自定义View有着重要的意义。另一个方面View从ViewRoot.performTraversals()开始经历measure、layout、draw三个流程最终显示在用户面前,用户在点击屏幕时,点击事件随着Activity传入Window,最终由ViewGroup/View进行分发处理。
View的生命周期
在View中有诸多回调方法,它们在View的不同生命周期阶段调用,常用的有以下方法。写一个简单的自定义View来观察View与Activity的生命周期变化。
public class CustomView extends View {
private static final String TAG = "View";
public CustomView(Context context) {
super(context);
Log.d(TAG, "CustomView()");
}
public CustomView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
Log.d(TAG, "CustomView()");
}
public CustomView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
Log.d(TAG, "CustomView()");
}
/**
* View在xml文件里加载完成时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onFinishInflate() {
super.onFinishInflate();
Log.d(TAG, "View onFinishInflate()");
}
/**
* 测量View及其子View大小时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
Log.d(TAG, "View onMeasure()");
}
/**
* 布局View及其子View大小时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
Log.d(TAG, "View onLayout() left = " + left + " top = " + top + " right = " + right + " bottom = " + bottom);
}
/**
* View大小发生改变时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
Log.d(TAG, "View onSizeChanged() w = " + w + " h = " + h + " oldw = " + oldw + " oldh = " + oldh);
}
/**
* 绘制View及其子View大小时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
Log.d(TAG, "View onDraw()");
}
/**
* 物理按键事件发生时调用
*/
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
Log.d(TAG, "View onKeyDown() event = " + event.getAction());
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
/**
* 物理按键事件发生时调用
*/
@Override
public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
Log.d(TAG, "View onKeyUp() event = " + event.getAction());
return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event);
}
/**
* 触摸事件发生时调用
*/
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
Log.d(TAG, "View onTouchEvent() event = " + event.getAction());
return super.onTouchEvent(event);
}
/**
* View获取焦点或者失去焦点时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onFocusChanged(boolean gainFocus, int direction, @Nullable Rect previouslyFocusedRect) {
super.onFocusChanged(gainFocus, direction, previouslyFocusedRect);
Log.d(TAG, "View onFocusChanged() gainFocus = " + gainFocus);
}
/**
* View所在窗口获取焦点或者失去焦点时调用
*/
@Override
public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasWindowFocus) {
super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasWindowFocus);
Log.d(TAG, "View onWindowFocusChanged() hasWindowFocus = " + hasWindowFocus);
}
/**
* View被关联到窗口时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
super.onAttachedToWindow();
Log.d(TAG, "View onAttachedToWindow()");
}
/**
* View从窗口分离时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {
super.onDetachedFromWindow();
Log.d(TAG, "View onDetachedFromWindow()");
}
/**
* View的可见性发生变化时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onVisibilityChanged(@NonNull View changedView, int visibility) {
super.onVisibilityChanged(changedView, visibility);
Log.d(TAG, "View onVisibilityChanged() visibility = " + visibility);
}
/**
* View所在窗口的可见性发生变化时调用
*/
@Override
protected void onWindowVisibilityChanged(int visibility) {
super.onWindowVisibilityChanged(visibility);
Log.d(TAG, "View onWindowVisibilityChanged() visibility = " + visibility);
}
}
生命周期作用
了解这些生命周期方法有什么作用呢?🤔其实这些方法在我们自定义View的时候发挥着很大的作用,我们来举几种应用场景。
场景1:
在Activity启动时获取View的宽高,但是在onCreate、onStart和onResume均无法获取正确的结果。这是因为在Activity的这些方法里,Viewed绘制可能还没有完成,我们可以在View的生命周期方法里获取。
@Override
public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
if(hasFocus){
int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
}
}
场景2:
在Activity生命周期发生变化时,View也要做响应的处理,典型的有VideoView保存进度和恢复进度。
@Override
protected void onVisibilityChanged(@NonNull View changedView, int visibility) {
super.onVisibilityChanged(changedView, visibility);
//TODO do something if activity lifecycle changed if necessary
//Activity onResume()
if(visibility == VISIBLE){
}
//Activity onPause()
else {
}
}
@Override
public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasWindowFocus) {
super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasWindowFocus);
//TODO do something if activity lifecycle changed if necessary
//Activity onResume()
if (hasWindowFocus) {
}
//Activity onPause()
else {
}
}
场景3:
释放线程、资源
@Override
protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {
super.onDetachedFromWindow();
//TODO release resources, thread, animation
}