项目结构
- java
- controller
- ParameterController.java(Java文件)
- utils
- StringToData(自定义类型转换文件)
- domain
- User(JavaBean本件)
- Account(JavaBean本件)
- CCollection(JavaBean本件)
- DDate(JavaBean本件)
- controller
- resources
- springmvc.xml(springmvc配置文件)
- webapp
- WEB-INF
- pages
- success.jsp(web页面)
- web.xml(web配置文件)
- pages
- index.jsp(web页面)
- parameters.jsp(web页面)
- WEB-INF
- pom.xml(maven项目配置文件)
maven项目配置文件
- 配置maven项目需要的依赖
- spring-context
- spring-web
- spring-webmvc
- servlet-api
- jsp-api
web配置文件
- 前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
- 配置一个前端控制器(<servlet>)
- 创建前端控制器时,加载Spring配置文件(<init-param>)
- 启动服务器时,创建前端控制器(<\load-on-startup>)
- 配置前端控制器的作用范围(<servlet-mapping>)
- 配置一个前端控制器(<servlet>)
- 过滤器(CharacterEncodingFilter)
- 配置一个过滤器(<filter>)
- 配置编码(<init-param>):解决中文乱码
- 配置前端控制器的作用范围(<filter-mapping>)
- 配置一个过滤器(<filter>)
springmvc配置文件
- 导入名称空间(<beans xmlns="">)
- 开启注解扫描(<context:component-scan base-package="">)
- 配置视图解析器(InternalResourceViewResolver)
- 配置前缀(prefix -> “/WEB-INF/pages”)
- 配置后缀(suffix -> “.jsp”)
- 配置类型转换器(ConversionServiceFactoryBean)
- 注册自定义类型转换器
- 开启SpringMVC注解支持(<mvc:annotation-driven>)
Java文件
- 表现层
- 类
- 添加进IoC核心容器(@Controller)
- 设置请求映射(@RequestMapping())
- 一级目录(path="")
- 设置允许访问的请求方法(method="")
- 设置必需的参数和参数值(params="")
- 设置必需的请求头(headers="")
- 方法
- 设置请求映射(@RequestMapping())
- 二级目录(path="")
- 返回值(return “success”;)
- 参数列表(数据类型 请求参数名,数据类型 请求参数名)
- 设置请求映射(@RequestMapping())
- 类
JSP文件
-
超链接(href=“一级目录/二级目录?请求参数=值&请求参数=值”)
-
表单(<form action=“一级目录/二级目录” method=“post”>)
执行代码
- 需求:在parameters.jsp页面,点击的超链接,跳转到success.jsp页面,并且在控制台输出请求参数。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.water</groupId>
<artifactId>section01_Introduction</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>section01_Introduction Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<!-- 版本锁定 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<!-- 依赖注入 -->
<dependencies>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- jsp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>section01_Introduction</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 【Filter】 -->
<filter>
<!-- 创建过滤器 -->
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!-- 配置编码 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<!-- 映射 -->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 【Servlet】 -->
<servlet>
<!-- 创建前端控制器 -->
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 创建前端控制器时,加载spring配置文件 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动服务器时,创建前端控制器 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 映射 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.water"/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
<!-- 配置前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<!-- 配置后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 类型转换器 -->
<bean id="conversionServiceFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<!-- Configure the set of custom converter objects that should be added -->
<property name="converters">
<!-- Set集合 -->
<set>
<!-- 添加自定义实现类 -->
<bean class="cn.water.utils.StringToDate"></bean>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启springMVC框架注解支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionServiceFactoryBean"/>
</beans>
StringToDate.java
package cn.water.utils;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author Water
* @date 2019/9/10 - 8:53
*/
public class StringToDate implements Converter<String, Date> {
/**
*
* @param source
* @return
*/
@Override
public Date convert(String source) {
// 判断输入数据是否为空
if (source == null){
throw new RuntimeException("请您输入日期");
}
DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
// 转换格式
try {
return dateFormat.parse(source);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("请您输入正确的日期格式(yyyy-MM-dd)");
throw new RuntimeException("请您输入正确的日期格式(yyyy-MM-dd)");
}
}
}
ParameterController.java
package cn.water.controller;
import cn.water.domain.Account;
import cn.water.domain.CCollection;
import cn.water.domain.DDate;
import cn.water.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/parameter")
public class parameterController {
/* 获取数据 */
@RequestMapping("/testParameter")
public String testParameter(String cat,String dog,String rat){
System.out.println("1、方法执行了");
System.out.println("2、获取参数:"+cat+dog+rat);
return "success";
}
/* 获取数据,并封装至JavaBean(User)中。 */
@RequestMapping("/testJavaBean")
public String testJavaBean(User user){
System.out.println(user.toString() );
return "success";
}
/* 获取数据,并封装至JavaBean中,且此JavaBean(Account)含有其他JavaBean对象(User)。 */
@RequestMapping("/testJavaBean222")
public String testJavaBean2(Account account){
System.out.println(account.toString() );
return "success";
}
/* 获取数据,并封装至JavaBean中,且此JavaBean(Account)含有List集合、Map集合。 */
@RequestMapping("/testCollection")
public String testCollection(CCollection cCollection){
System.out.println(cCollection);
return "success";
}
/* 获取字符串数据,自动转换为日期类型数据(Spring框架自动转换器) */
@RequestMapping("/testDate")
public String testDate(DDate date){
System.out.println("Date:"+date);
return "success";
}
/* 获取Servlet原生API */
@RequestMapping("/testServlet")
public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
// Request对象
System.out.println("【Request】"+request);
// Response对象
System.out.println("【Response】"+response);
// Session对象
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println("【Session】"+session);
// ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
System.out.println("【ServletContext】"+servletContext);
return "success";
}
}
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2><a href="controller/sayHello?username=cat">入门</a></h2>
<hr>
<h2><a href="parameters.jsp">参数绑定</a></h2>
<hr>
<h2><a href="annotation.jsp">注解</a></h2>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
parameters.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%-- 普通类型 --%>
<h3><a href="parameter/testParameter?cat=11&dog=22&rat=33">封装至 普通数据类型</a></h3>
<hr>
<%-- 封装至JavaBean --%>
<form action="parameter/testJavaBean" method="post"> <%-- post请求方式中文会乱码,get请求方式不会 --%>
姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 JavaBean类型">
</form>
<hr>
<%-- 封装至JavaBean,含有JavaBean --%>
<form action="parameter/testJavaBean222" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="username" /><br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password" /><br/>
金额:<input type="text" name="money" /><br/>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="user.name" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 JavaBean类型 含有JavaBean">
</form>
<hr>
<%-- 封装至JavaBean,含有集合 --%>
<form action="parameter/testCollection" method="post">
<%-- List<User> list[0]==User --%>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="list[0].name" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="list[0].age" /><br/>
<%-- Map<String,User> 'one'==String --%>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="map['one'].name" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="map['one'].age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 JavaBean类型 含有List集合和Map集合">
</form>
<hr>
<%-- 封装至JavaBean,含有Data类型 --%>
<%-- 网页中input标签的Test属性的文本框中输入数据类型一定是字符串形式 --%>
<%-- 默认配置下,String框架自动将请求的字符串格式自动转换为JavaBean中对应的格式,但是对于文本格式有所要求,例如日期 --%>
<%-- 默认正确日期格式:2019/01/01 --%>
<%-- 自定义正确日期格式:2019-01-01 --%>
<form action="parameter/testDate" method="post">
日期:<input type="text" name="date" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 日期类型">
</form>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>访问成功!!!</h3>
</body>
</html>
获取请求数据
封装至 普通数据类型
普通数据类型
- 发送请求
<a href="parameter/testParameter?cat=11&dog=22&rat=33">封装至 普通数据类型</a>
- 接收请求
@RequestMapping("/testParameter")
public String testParameter(String cat,String dog,String rat){
System.out.println("1、方法执行了");
System.out.println("2、获取参数:"+cat+dog+rat);
return "success";
}
- 运行结果
1、方法执行了
2、获取参数:112233
封装至 JavaBean类型
JavaBean类型
- 数据类型
package cn.water.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private String name;
private String age;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age='" + age + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
- 发送请求
<form action="parameter/testJavaBean" method="post">
<%-- post请求方式中文会乱码,get请求方式不会 --%>
姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 JavaBean类型">
</form>
- 接收请求
@RequestMapping("/testJavaBean")
public String testJavaBean(User user){
System.out.println(user.toString() );
return "success";
}
- 运行结果
User{name='cat', age='11'}
含有JavaBean
- 数据类型
package cn.water.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Account implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private Double money;
private User user;
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
", user=" + user +
'}';
}
}
- 发送请求
<form action="parameter/testJavaBean222" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="username" /><br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password" /><br/>
金额:<input type="text" name="money" /><br/>
姓名:<input type="text" name="user.name" /><br/>
年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 JavaBean类型 含有JavaBean">
</form>
- 接收请求
@RequestMapping("/testJavaBean222")
public String testJavaBean2(Account account){
System.out.println(account.toString() );
return "success";
}
- 运行结果
Account{username='cat', password='123695', money=999.0, user=User{name='cat', age='11'}}
含有List集合和Map集合
- 数据类型
package cn.water.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class CCollection implements Serializable {
private List<User> list;
private Map<String,User> map;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CCollection{" +
"list=" + list +
", map=" + map +
'}';
}
public List<User> getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List<User> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public Map<String, User> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) {
this.map = map;
}
}
- 发送请求
<form action="parameter/testCollection" method="post">
<%-- List<User> list[0]==User --%>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="list[0].name" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="list[0].age" /><br/>
<%-- Map<String,User> 'one'==String --%>
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="map['one'].name" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="map['one'].age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 JavaBean类型 含有List集合和Map集合">
</form>
- 接收请求
@RequestMapping("/testCollection")
public String testCollection(CCollection cCollection){
System.out.println(cCollection);
return "success";
}
- 运行结果
CCollection{list=[User{name='cat', age='11'}], map={one=User{name='dog', age='22'}}}
封装至 日期类型
日期类型
- 数据类型
package cn.water.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
public class DDate implements Serializable {
private Date date;
public Date getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(Date date) {
this.date = date;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DDate{" +
"date=" + date +
'}';
}
}
- 自定义类型转换器
package cn.water.utils;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class StringToDate implements Converter<String, Date> {
@Override
public Date convert(String source) {
// 判断输入数据是否为空
if (source == null){
throw new RuntimeException("请您输入日期");
}
DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
// 转换格式
try {
return dateFormat.parse(source);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("请您输入正确的日期格式(yyyy-MM-dd)");
}
}
}
- 发送请求
<%-- 网页中input标签的Test属性的文本框中输入数据类型一定是字符串形式 --%>
<%-- 默认配置下,String框架自动将请求的字符串格式自动转换为JavaBean中对应的格式,但是对于文本格式有所要求,例如日期 --%>
<%-- 正确日期格式:2019/01/01 --%>
<%-- 错误日期格式:2019-01-01; 2019:01:01 --%>
<form action="parameter/testDate" method="post">
日期:<input type="text" name="date" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="封装至 日期类型">
</form>
- 接收请求
@RequestMapping("/testDate")
public String testDate(DDate date){
System.out.println("Date:"+date);
return "success";
}
- 运行结果
输入:2011-9-1 10:25:45
结果:Date:DDate{date=Thu Sep 01 10:25:45 CST 2011}
获取Servlet原生API
Request
Response
Session
ServletContext
- 发送请求
<a href="parameter/testServlet">请点击</a>
- 接收请求
@RequestMapping("/testServlet")
public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
// Request对象
System.out.println("【Request】"+request);
// Response对象
System.out.println("【Response】"+response);
// Session对象
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println("【Session】"+session);
// ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
System.out.println("【ServletContext】"+servletContext);
return "success";
}
- 运行结果
【Request】org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade@736f0cc
【Response】org.apache.catalina.connector.ResponseFacade@3755e816
【Session】org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSessionFacade@56651c25
【ServletContext】org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@4dc6868