SpringMVC框架(6) —— 异常处理

项目结构

  • java
    • controller
      • TestException.java(Java文件)
    • exception
      • ExceptionController.java(Java文件)
      • TestExceptionResolver.java(Java文件)
  • resources
    • springmvc.xml(springmvc配置文件)
  • webapp
    • WEB-INF
      • pages
        • error.jsp(web页面)
      • web.xml(web配置文件)
    • index.jsp(web页面)
  • pom.xml(maven项目配置文件)

maven项目配置文件

  • 配置maven项目需要的依赖
    • spring-context
    • spring-web
    • spring-webmvc
    • servlet-api
    • jsp-api

web配置文件

  • 前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
    • 配置一个前端控制器(<servlet>)
      • 创建前端控制器时,加载Spring配置文件(<init-param>)
      • 启动服务器时,创建前端控制器(<\load-on-startup>)
    • 配置前端控制器的作用范围(<servlet-mapping>)
  • 过滤器(CharacterEncodingFilter)
    • 配置一个过滤器(<filter>)
      • 配置编码(<init-param>):解决中文乱码
    • 配置前端控制器的作用范围(<filter-mapping>)

springmvc配置文件

  • 导入名称空间(<beans xmlns="">)
  • 开启注解扫描(<context:component-scan base-package="">)
  • 配置视图解析器(InternalResourceViewResolver)
    • 配置前缀(prefix -> “/WEB-INF/pages”)
    • 配置后缀(suffix -> “.jsp”)
  • 配置异常处理器(TestExceptionResolver)
  • 开启SpringMVC注解支持(<mvc:annotation-driven>)

Java文件

  • 表现层
      • 添加进IoC核心容器(@Controller)
      • 设置请求映射(@RequestMapping())
        • 一级目录(path="")
        • 设置允许访问的请求方法(method="")
        • 设置必需的参数和参数值(params="")
          • 设置必需的请求头(headers="")
    • 方法
      • 设置请求映射(@RequestMapping())
        • 二级目录(path="")
      • 返回值(return “success”;)

JSP文件

  • 超链接(href=“一级目录/二级目录?请求参数=值&请求参数=值”)

执行代码

  • 需求:在index.jsp页面,点击的超链接,跳转到error.jsp页面,并且在页面输出响应消息

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>cn.water</groupId>
  <artifactId>section04_Exception</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>section04_Exception Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <!-- 版本锁定 -->
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <!-- 依赖注入 -->
  <dependencies>
    <!-- spring -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- spring-web -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- spring-webmvc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- servlet -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- jsp -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>section04_Exception</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--   【filter】   -->
  <filter>
    <!--   创建过滤器   -->
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <!--   配置编码   -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <!--   映射   -->
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!--   【servlet】   -->
  <servlet>
    <!--   创建DispatcherServlet   -->
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--   创建DispatcherServlet时,加载spring配置文件   -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--   启动服务器时,创建DispatcherServlet   -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <!--   映射   -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.water"/>


    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
        <!-- 配置前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <!-- 配置后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置异常处理器 -->
    <bean id="testExceptionResolver" class="cn.water.exception.TestExceptionResolver"></bean>

    <!-- 开启springMVC框架注解支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>


</beans>

ExceptionController.java

package cn.water.controller;

import cn.water.exception.TestException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * @author Water    自定义异常类
 * @date 2019/10/3 - 19:47
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/exception")
public class ExceptionController {


    @RequestMapping("/test01")
    public String test01() throws TestException{
        System.out.println("方法执行了");
        try {
            int error = 10/0;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new TestException("出现TestException错误!");
        }

        return "success";
    }

}

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2><a href="exception/test01/">异常处理</a></h2>
</body>
</html>

error.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>${errorMessage}</h2>
</body>
</html>

异常处理

  • 当Controller类出现异常时
   @RequestMapping("/test01")
    public String test01() throws TestException{
        System.out.println("方法执行了");
        try {
            int error = 10/0;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new TestException("出现TestException错误!");
        }

        return "success";
    }

  • 自定义异常类
package cn.water.exception;

public class TestException extends Exception {

    /* 存储提示信息 */
    private String message;

    /* Getter */
    @Override
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    /* Setter */
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    /* 构造方法(提供提示信息) */
    public TestException(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

  • 自定义异常处理器
package cn.water.exception;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * @author Water    自定义异常处理器
 * @date 2019/10/3 - 20:01
 */
public class TestExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {

        /* 判断异常对象 */
        TestException te = null;
        if (e instanceof TestException) {
            te = (TestException)e;
        }else {
            te = new TestException("出现未知错误!");
        }

        /* 创建ModelAndView对象 */
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        /* 存储键值对 */
        mv.addObject("errorMessage", te.getMessage());
        /* 跳转到 error.jsp 页面 */
        mv.setViewName("error");

        /* 返回 */
        return mv;
    }
}

  • 配置异常处理器
     <!-- 配置异常处理器 -->
    <bean id="testExceptionResolver" class="cn.water.exception.TestExceptionResolver"></bean>

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