PostGIS概述

一 PostgreSQL

是一个功能强大的开源对象关系数据库管理系统(ORDBMS),用于存储数据。

二 Postgis概述

PostGIS是一个开源程序,它是对象-关系型数据库PostgreSQL的一个扩展,为其提供了存储空间地理数据的支持,使得PostgreSQL成为了一个空间数据库,能够进行空间数据管理、数量测量和拓扑分析。PostGIS实现了OGC所提出的SFS规范。

  • 完整实现了SFS简单要素模型,包括点、线、面、多点、多线、多面等;
  • 实现了一些拓扑关系的运算;
  • 实现了空间距离度量;
  • 利用R-tree和Gist实现了空间索引,加快了正交查询的速度;
  • 尚不支持在数据库中存储栅格数据。

PostGIS已经注册成为了OGC的Simple Features for SQL标准的其中一种实现。

几何要素WKT格式
几何类型WKT 表示说明
PointPoint(10 10)
LineStringLineString(10 10,20 20,30 40)有三个节点的线
PolygonPolygon((10 10,10 20,20 20,20 15,10 10))有一个外环的多边形
MultiLineStringMultiLineString((0 0,1 1,1 2),(2 3,3 2,5 4))多线
MultiPolygonMultiPolygon(((0 0,4 0,4 4,0 4,0 0),(1 1,2 1,2 2,1 2,1 1)), ((-1 -1,-1 -2,-2 -2,-2 -1,-1 -1)))多面

PostGIS使用WKT格式插入一个点要素:

insert into table (shape,name)
values(GeomeFromText('Point(116.9 39.9)',4326),'北京')
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Create and manage spatial data with PostGIS Key Features Import and export geographic data from the PostGIS database using the available tools Maintain, optimize, and fine-tune spatial data for long-term viability Utilize the parallel support functionality that was introduced in PostgreSQL 9.6 Book Description PostGIS is a spatial database that integrates the advanced storage and analysis of vector and raster data, and is remarkably flexible and powerful. PostGIS provides support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database and is currently the most popular open source spatial databases. If you want to explore the complete range of PostGIS techniques and expose related extensions, then this book is for you. This book is a comprehensive guide to PostGIS tools and concepts which are required to manage, manipulate, and analyze spatial data in PostGIS. It covers key spatial data manipulation tasks, explaining not only how each task is performed, but also why. It provides practical guidance allowing you to safely take advantage of the advanced technology in PostGIS in order to simplify your spatial database administration tasks. Furthermore, you will learn to take advantage of basic and advanced vector, raster, and routing approaches along with the concepts of data maintenance, optimization, and performance, and will help you to integrate these into a large ecosystem of desktop and web tools. By the end, you will be armed with all the tools and instructions you need to both manage the spatial database system and make better decisions as your project's requirements evolve. What you will learn Import and export geographic data from the PostGIS database using the available tools Structure spatial data using the functionality provided by a combination of PostgreSQL and PostGIS Work with a set of PostGIS functions to perform basic and advanced vector analyses Connect PostGIS with Python Learn to use programming frameworks around PostGIS Maintain, optimize, and fine-tune spatial data for long-term viability Explore the 3D capabilities of PostGIS, including LiDAR point clouds and point clouds derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques Distribute 3D models through the Web using the X3D standard Use PostGIS to develop powerful GIS web applications using Open Geospatial Consortium web standards Master PostGIS Raster Who This Book Is For This book is for developers who need some quick solutions for PostGIS. Prior knowledge of PostgreSQL and spatial concepts would be an added advantage. Table of Contents Chapter 1. MOVING DATA IN AND OUT OF POSTGIS Chapter 2. STRUCTURES THAT WORK Chapter 3. WORKING WITH VECTOR DATA THE BASICS Chapter 4. WORKING WITH VECTOR DATA ADVANCED RECIPES Chapter 5. WORKING WITH RASTER DATA Chapter 6. WORKING WITH PGROUTING Chapter 7. Into the Nth Dimension Chapter 8. POSTGIS PROGRAMMING Chapter 9. POSTGIS AND THE WEB Chapter 10. MAINTENANCE OPTIMIZATION AND PERFORMANCE TUNING Chapter 11. USING DESKTOP CLIENTS Chapter 12. Introduction to Location Privacy Protection Mechanisms
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