18.ChainOfResponsibility——职责链模式

demo描述：现有一个借钱的请求由学校不同的领导处理，不同的领导可处理的额度不同

 

demo代码：

借钱请求：

public class PurchaseRequest {
    private int type = 0;//请求类型
    private float price = 0.0f;//请求金额
    private int id = 0;//请求编号

    public PurchaseRequest(int type, float price, int id) {
        this.type = type;
        this.price = price;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
}

请求处理者：

public abstract class Approver {
    //下个处理者
    Approver approver;
    //名字
    String name;

    //处理者起名
    public Approver(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    //设置下个处理者
    public void setApprover(Approver approver) {
        this.approver = approver;
    }

    //处理审批请求的方法，得到一个请求
    public abstract void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest);
}

各级别的校领导：

public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver {
    public DepartmentApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 5000) {
            System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        } else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

public class CollegeApprover extends Approver {
    public CollegeApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 5000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 10000) {
            System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        } else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

public class  ViceSchoolMasterApprover extends Approver {
    public ViceSchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 10000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 30000) {
            System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        } else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

public class SchoolMasterApprover extends Approver{
    public SchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 30000) {
            System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        } else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

客户端：

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个请求
        PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest = new PurchaseRequest(1, 123000, 1);

        //创建相关审批人
        DepartmentApprover departmentApprover = new DepartmentApprover("张主任");
        CollegeApprover collegeApprover = new CollegeApprover("李院长");
        ViceSchoolMasterApprover viceSchoolMasterApprover =
                new ViceSchoolMasterApprover("王副校长");
        SchoolMasterApprover schoolMasterApprover = new SchoolMasterApprover(
                "赵校长");

        //设置级别（环形）
        departmentApprover.setApprover(collegeApprover);
        collegeApprover.setApprover(viceSchoolMasterApprover);
        viceSchoolMasterApprover.setApprover(schoolMasterApprover);
        schoolMasterApprover.setApprover(departmentApprover);

        departmentApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
    }
}

demo类图：

类图分析：将请求的创建与处理分离，请求不同可处理者的级别不同，请求沿着级别链传递；Approver处继承有两个作用：1.处理请求的抽象、2.子类的泛型，通过它设置下一级处理者，此处与组合模式神似。

 

适用场景：多个对象处理同一请求时适用；拦截器、审批模型适用

 

总结：职责链模式需要设置级别链，每个请求都是从低级别位置往上传递；如果将最高级的处理者下级设置为最低级处理者，职责链就会变成环形，这样从任何级别位置开始都能让请求找到合适的处理者，可以提高处理速度。