[ruby on rails]同时链接多数据库

Rails6

• database配置多个数据库

# 其他数据库默认配置
recommend_default: &recommend_default
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
  
# 生产可读数据库默认配置
prod_readonly_default: &prod_readonly_default
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
  replica: true #表示从库，只有读权限，不能写

development:
  primary:
    <<: *default
    database: web_development
  recommend:
    <<: *recommend_default
    database: web_recommend_development
  prod_readonly:
    <<: *prod_readonly_default
    database: web_readonly_development

• 新建model链接只读库进行使用

# app/models/prod_readonly/prod_readonly_application_record.rb
class ProdReadonlyApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
  self.abstract_class = true

  connects_to database: { writing: :prod_readonly, reading: :prod_readonly }
end

# app/models/prod_readonly/readonly_user.rb
class ReadonlyUser < ProdReadonlyApplicationRecord
  self.table_name = 'users'
end

# 使用示例 join的orders也是只读库的orders表
ReadonlyUser.select('sum(price)').joins(:orders)  

Rails5

• database.yml

default: &default
  encoding: utf8
  pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
  wait_timeout: 60
  
oracle_development: #名字可自定义，但是不能重复。
  <<: *default
  adapter: oracle_enhanced
  host: xxx.xxx.xxx.xx
  username: root
  password: 123456
  database: oracle_dev
  port: 1521 # Oracle 的端口号，Mysql为3306，mysql一般不写 

mysql_development:
  <<: *default
  adapter: mysql2
  host: xxx.xxx.xxx.xx
  username: root
  password: 123456
  database: mysql_dev

第一种使用方法

• 新建app/other_database_models/other_application.rb

class OtherApplication < ActiveRecord::Base #OtherApplication只是个名字，可随便定义
  self.abstract_class = true
  establish_connection :oracle_development # database.yml中配置的数据库
end

• 新建app/other_database_models/user.rb
• 使用oracle_development中的users表

class User < OtherApplication 
end

注意： 所有的models中名字不能重复，这里新建的user.rb不能在app/models中存在

第二种使用方法

• 新建app/other_database_models/other_user.rb

class OtherUser < ActiveRecord::Base
  self.abstract_class = true
  establish_connection :oracle_development # database.yml中配置的数据库
  self.table_name = 'users' #申明使用的表
  
  def self.puts_time
  	put TIme.now
  end
end

• 其他地方就可以调用

OtherUser.puts_time

第三种使用方法

• 用db1前先链接db1， 用db2前先链接db2

# 链接db1
src_connection = ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:oracle_development).connection
src_connection.active?
src_connection.exec_query(sql)
# 链接db2
production_connection = ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:production).connection
production_connection.exec_query(sql)