deepdiff 模块常用来校验两个对象是否一致,包含三个常用类:DeepDiff、DeepSearch、DeepHash。DeepDiff最常用,可以对字典、可迭代对象、字符串等进行对比,使用递归查找所有差异,也可以用来校验文件内容的差异,如txt、json、图片等等。
官网地址:
https://zepworks.com/deepdiff/current/diff.html
DeepDiff库由以下功能模块组成:
- DeepDiff: 该模块通过递归方式比较两个字典、可迭代对象、字符串和其他对象的深度差异。
- DeepSearch:该模块支持在对象中搜索对象;
- Extract:该模块可以根据值抽取其key的路径,反过来根据Key路径提取值;
- 命令行:安装DeepDiff,可以在终端通过命令行对比本地的两个文件的不同,支持主流的文件格式:CSV、tsv、json、yaml等
1、deepdiff安装
pip3 install deepdiff
2、deepdiff常用操作
实际请求结果和预期值的json数据一致,则返回{}空字典,否则会返回对比差异的结果,接口测试中可以根据这个特点进行断言。如果对比的结果不同,将会给出如下的返回;
- type_changes: 类型改变的key;
- values_changed:值发生改变的key;
- dictionary_item_added:字典key添加;
- dictionary_item_removed:字段key删除;
案例一:txt文件对比
文件一dd_text01: “测试测试测试—测试测试”
文件二dd_text02:“测试测试测试–测试测试”
from deepdiff import DeepDiff
# case01:对比txt文件
f1, f2 = open('dd_text01.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8').read(), open('dd_text02.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8').read()
print(DeepDiff(f1, f2))
运行结果:
{'values_changed': {'root': {'new_value': '"测试测试测试--测试测试"', 'old_value': '"测试测试测试---测试测试"'}}}
案例二:JSON文件对比
json_01 ={
"message": "",
"code": "success",
"data": {
"username": "****",
"isEnjoyMember": "true",
"enjoyMemberExpireTime": 2354025599000,
"memberType": 1,
"enjoySurplusSeconds": 660667879,
"clinicExpireTime": 1817913599000,
"isClinicMember": "true",
"clinicMemberType": 1,
"clinicSurplusSeconds": 124555879,
"isMember": "false",
"expirationTime": None
}
}
json_02={
"message": "",
"code": "success",
"data": {
"username": "**",
"isEnjoyMember": "false",
"enjoyMemberExpireTime": 2354025599000,
"memberType": 1,
"enjoySurplusSeconds": 660667879,
"clinicExpireTime": 1817913599000,
"isClinicMember": "true",
"clinicMemberType": 1,
"clinicSurplusSeconds": 124555879,
"isMember": "false",
"expirationTime": None
}
}
print(DeepDiff(json_01,json_02))
运行结果:
{'values_changed': {"root['data']['username']": {'new_value': '**', 'old_value': '****'}, "root['data']['isEnjoyMember']": {'new_value': 'false', 'old_value': 'true'}}}
案例三:接口响应报文对比
test_data = {
'slideshow':
{
'author': 'Yours Truly@@',
'date': 'date of publication',
'slides': [{
'title': 'Wake up to WonderWidgets!',
'type': 'all'
},
{
'items':
['Why <em>WonderWidgets</em> are great', 'Who <em>buys</em> WonderWidgets'],
'title': 'Overview', 'type': 'all'}],
'title': 'Sample Slide Show'
}
}
res = requests.get('http://www.httpbin.org/json').json()
print(DeepDiff(res['slideshow']['author'],test_data))
执行结果:
{'type_changes': {'root': {'old_type': <class 'str'>, 'new_type': <class 'dict'>, 'old_value': 'Yours Truly', 'new_value': {'slideshow': {'author': 'Yours Truly@@', 'date': 'date of publication', 'slides': [{'title': 'Wake up to WonderWidgets!', 'type': 'all'}, {'items': ['Why <em>WonderWidgets</em> are great', 'Who <em>buys</em> WonderWidgets'], 'title': 'Overview', 'type': 'all'}], 'title': 'Sample Slide Show'}}}}}