1. 继承
如果你要编写的类是现成类的特殊版本,可使用继承。
一个类继承另一个类时,它将自动获得另一个类的所有属性和方法。
所有的类称为父类,新类称为子类。
子类继承了父类的属性和方法,同时还可以定义自己的属性和方法。
class Car():
"""一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
def __init__(self,make,model,year):
"""初始化描述汽车的属性"""
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year
self.odometer_reading = 0 #给属性指定默认值
def get_descriptive_name(self):
"""返回整洁的描述性信息"""
long_name = self.make+" "+self.model+" "+self.year
return long_name.title()
def read_odometer(self):
"""打印一条指出汽车里程的消息"""
print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
def update_odometer(self,mileage):
"""将里程表读数设置为指定的值"""
if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
self.odometer_reading = mileage
else:
print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
def increment_odometer(self,miles):
"""将里程表读数增加指定的量"""
self.odometer_reading += miles
def fill_gas_tank(self):
"""需要油箱"""
print("Yes,gas is necessary")
class ElectricCar(Car):
"""Represent aspects of a car,specific to electric vehicles"""
def __init__(self,make,model,year):
"""电动汽车的独到之处
初始化父类的属性,再初始化电动汽车特有的属性
"""
super().__init__(make,model,year) #子类的方法init()
self.battery_size = 70 #给子类定义属性和方法
def describe_battery(self):
"""打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
print("This car has a "+str(self.battery_size)+"-kwh battery")
def fill_gas_tank(self): #重写父类的方法fill_gas_tank
"""电动汽车没有油箱"""
print("This car doesn't need a gas tank!")
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','S','2016')
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.describe_battery()
my_tesla.fill_gas_tank()
Tesla S 2016
This car has a 70-kwh battery
This car doesn't need a gas tank!