代理模式
概念: 通过代理对象访问目标对象
优点: 不改变原有对象,增加额外功能
静态代理
- 创建接口:
public interface HelloInterface {
void sayHello();
}
- 接口实现类:
public class Hello implements HelloInterface{
@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("Hello there!");
}
}
- 生成代理对象:
public class HelloProxy implements HelloInterface {
private HelloInterface helloInterface = new Hello();
@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("Before invoke sayHello");
helloInterface.sayHello();
System.out.println("After invoke sayHello");
}
}
代理类调用:被代理类被传递给了代理类HelloProxy,代理类在执行具体方法时通过所持用的被代理类完成调用。
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloProxy helloProxy = new HelloProxy();
helloProxy.sayHello();
}
输出:
Before invoke
Hello there
After invoke
优点: 容易实现
缺点: 代理对象需要与目标对象实现一样的接口,所以会有很多代理类,类太多.同时,一旦接口增加方法,目标对象与代理对象都要维护.
动态代理
JDK动态代理
特点:
1.代理对象,不需要实现接口
2.代理对象的生成,是利用JDK的API,动态的在内存中构建代理对象(需要我们指定创建代理对象/目标对象实现的接口的类型)
3.动态代理也叫做:接口代理
实现InvocationHandler接口
public class ProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler{
private Object object;
public ProxyHandler(Object object){
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("Before invoke " + method.getName());
// returnValue为返回值,可为null
Object returnValue = method.invoke(object, args);
System.out.println("After invoke " + method.getName());
return returnValue;
}
}
执行动态代理:
newProxyInstance方法接收的三个参数依次为:
ClassLoader loader,
:指定当前目标对象使用类加载器,获取加载器的方法是固定的Class<?>[] interfaces,
:目标对象实现的接口的类型,使用泛型方式确认类型InvocationHandler h
:事件处理,执行目标对象的方法时,会触发事件处理器的方法,会把当前执行目标对象的方法作为参数传入
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.getProperties().setProperty("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
HelloInterface hello = new Hello();
InvocationHandler handler = new ProxyHandler(hello);
HelloInterface proxyHello = (HelloInterface) Proxy.newProxyInstance(hello.getClass().getClassLoader(), hello.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler);
proxyHello.sayHello();
}
输出:
Before invoke
Hello there
After invoke
通过Proxy类的静态方法newProxyInstance返回一个接口的代理实例。针对不同的代理类,传入相应的代理程序控制器InvocationHandler。
实现原理
动态代理具体步骤:
- 通过实现 InvocationHandler 接口创建自己的调用处理器;
- 通过为 Proxy 类指定 ClassLoader 对象和一组 interface 来创建动态代理类;
- 通过反射机制获得动态代理类的构造函数,其唯一参数类型是调用处理器接口类型;
- 通过构造函数创建动态代理类实例,构造时调用处理器对象作为参数被传入。
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
//生成代理类对象
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
//使用指定的调用处理程序获取代理类的构造函数对象
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
//如果Class作用域为私有,通过 setAccessible 支持访问
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
//获取Proxy Class构造函数,创建Proxy代理实例。
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
利用getProxyClass0(loader, intfs)生成代理类Proxy的Class对象。
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
//如果接口数量大于65535,抛出非法参数错误
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
//如果指定接口的代理类已经存在与缓存中,则不用新创建,直接从缓存中取即可;
//如果缓存中没有指定代理对象,则通过ProxyClassFactory来创建一个代理对象。
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
ProxyClassFactory内部类创建、定义代理类,返回给定ClassLoader 和interfaces的代理类。
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>{
// 代理类的名字的前缀统一为“$Proxy”
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// 每个代理类前缀后面都会跟着一个唯一的编号,如$Proxy0、$Proxy1、$Proxy2
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
//验证类加载器加载接口得到对象是否与由apply函数参数传入的对象相同
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
//验证这个Class对象是不是接口
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
*
* 生成指定代理类的字节码文件
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
一系列检查后,调用ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass来生成字节码文件。
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String var0, Class<?>[] var1, int var2) {
ProxyGenerator var3 = new ProxyGenerator(var0, var1, var2);
// 真正用来生成代理类字节码文件的方法在这里
final byte[] var4 = var3.generateClassFile();
// 保存代理类的字节码文件
if(saveGeneratedFiles) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
try {
int var1 = var0.lastIndexOf(46);
Path var2;
if(var1 > 0) {
Path var3 = Paths.get(var0.substring(0, var1).replace('.', File.separatorChar), new String[0]);
Files.createDirectories(var3, new FileAttribute[0]);
var2 = var3.resolve(var0.substring(var1 + 1, var0.length()) + ".class");
} else {
var2 = Paths.get(var0 + ".class", new String[0]);
}
Files.write(var2, var4, new OpenOption[0]);
return null;
} catch (IOException var4x) {
throw new InternalError("I/O exception saving generated file: " + var4x);
}
}
});
}
return var4;
}
生成代理类字节码文件的generateClassFile方法:
private byte[] generateClassFile() {
//下面一系列的addProxyMethod方法是将接口中的方法和Object中的方法添加到代理方法中(proxyMethod)
this.addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);
this.addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
this.addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);
Class[] var1 = this.interfaces;
int var2 = var1.length;
int var3;
Class var4;
//获得接口中所有方法并添加到代理方法中
for(var3 = 0; var3 < var2; ++var3) {
var4 = var1[var3];
Method[] var5 = var4.getMethods();
int var6 = var5.length;
for(int var7 = 0; var7 < var6; ++var7) {
Method var8 = var5[var7];
this.addProxyMethod(var8, var4);
}
}
Iterator var11 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();
List var12;
while(var11.hasNext()) {
var12 = (List)var11.next();
checkReturnTypes(var12);
}
Iterator var15;
try {
//生成代理类的构造函数
this.methods.add(this.generateConstructor());
var11 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();
while(var11.hasNext()) {
var12 = (List)var11.next();
var15 = var12.iterator();
while(var15.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod var16 = (ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod)var15.next();
this.fields.add(new ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo(var16.methodFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;", 10));
this.methods.add(var16.generateMethod());
}
}
this.methods.add(this.generateStaticInitializer());
} catch (IOException var10) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", var10);
}
if(this.methods.size() > '\uffff') {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("method limit exceeded");
} else if(this.fields.size() > '\uffff') {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("field limit exceeded");
} else {
this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className));
this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy");
var1 = this.interfaces;
var2 = var1.length;
for(var3 = 0; var3 < var2; ++var3) {
var4 = var1[var3];
this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(var4.getName()));
}
this.cp.setReadOnly();
ByteArrayOutputStream var13 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream var14 = new DataOutputStream(var13);
try {
var14.writeInt(-889275714);
var14.writeShort(0);
var14.writeShort(49);
this.cp.write(var14);
var14.writeShort(this.accessFlags);
var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className)));
var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy"));
var14.writeShort(this.interfaces.length);
Class[] var17 = this.interfaces;
int var18 = var17.length;
for(int var19 = 0; var19 < var18; ++var19) {
Class var22 = var17[var19];
var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(var22.getName())));
}
var14.writeShort(this.fields.size());
var15 = this.fields.iterator();
while(var15.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo var20 = (ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo)var15.next();
var20.write(var14);
}
var14.writeShort(this.methods.size());
var15 = this.methods.iterator();
while(var15.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo var21 = (ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo)var15.next();
var21.write(var14);
}
var14.writeShort(0);
return var13.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException var9) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", var9);
}
}
}
字节码生成后,调用defineClass0来解析字节码,生成了Proxy的Class对象。在了解完代理类动态生成过程后,生产的代理类是怎样的,谁来执行这个代理类。
其中,在ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass函数中 saveGeneratedFiles定义如下,其指代是否保存生成的代理类class文件,默认false不保存。