JUC并发工具类--Exchanger

简介

Exchanger是一个用于线程间协作的工具类，用于两个线程间交换数据。具体交换数据是通过exchange方法来实现的，如果一个线程先执行exchange方法，那么它会同步等待另一个线程也执行exchange方法，这个时候两个线程就都达到了同步点，两个线程就可以交换数据。

常用API

构造方法

    /**
     * Creates a new Exchanger.
     */
    public Exchanger() {
        participant = new Participant();
    }

exchange()

线程数据交换。

    /**
     * Waits for another thread to arrive at this exchange point (unless
     * the current thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}),
     * and then transfers the given object to it, receiving its object
     * in return.
     *
     * <p>If another thread is already waiting at the exchange point then
     * it is resumed for thread scheduling purposes and receives the object
     * passed in by the current thread.  The current thread returns immediately,
     * receiving the object passed to the exchange by that other thread.
     *
     * <p>If no other thread is already waiting at the exchange then the
     * current thread is disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies
     * dormant until one of two things happens:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread enters the exchange; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread.
     * </ul>
     * <p>If the current thread:
     * <ul>
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting
     * for the exchange,
     * </ul>
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * @param x the object to exchange
     * @return the object provided by the other thread
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was
     *         interrupted while waiting
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public V exchange(V x) throws InterruptedException {
        Object v;
        Object item = (x == null) ? NULL_ITEM : x; // translate null args
        if ((arena != null ||
             (v = slotExchange(item, false, 0L)) == null) &&
            ((Thread.interrupted() || // disambiguates null return
              (v = arenaExchange(item, false, 0L)) == null)))
            throw new InterruptedException();
        return (v == NULL_ITEM) ? null : (V)v;
    }

    /**
     * Waits for another thread to arrive at this exchange point (unless
     * the current thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} or
     * the specified waiting time elapses), and then transfers the given
     * object to it, receiving its object in return.
     *
     * <p>If another thread is already waiting at the exchange point then
     * it is resumed for thread scheduling purposes and receives the object
     * passed in by the current thread.  The current thread returns immediately,
     * receiving the object passed to the exchange by that other thread.
     *
     * <p>If no other thread is already waiting at the exchange then the
     * current thread is disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies
     * dormant until one of three things happens:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Some other thread enters the exchange; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     * <li>The specified waiting time elapses.
     * </ul>
     * <p>If the current thread:
     * <ul>
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting
     * for the exchange,
     * </ul>
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then {@link
     * TimeoutException} is thrown.  If the time is less than or equal
     * to zero, the method will not wait at all.
     *
     * @param x the object to exchange
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait
     * @param unit the time unit of the {@code timeout} argument
     * @return the object provided by the other thread
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was
     *         interrupted while waiting
     * @throws TimeoutException if the specified waiting time elapses
     *         before another thread enters the exchange
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public V exchange(V x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
        Object v;
        Object item = (x == null) ? NULL_ITEM : x;
        long ns = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        if ((arena != null ||
             (v = slotExchange(item, true, ns)) == null) &&
            ((Thread.interrupted() ||
              (v = arenaExchange(item, true, ns)) == null)))
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (v == TIMED_OUT)
            throw new TimeoutException();
        return (v == NULL_ITEM) ? null : (V)v;
    }

参数：x

交换的共享数据。

参数：timeout

阻塞等待时间。

参数：unit

阻塞等待时间单位。

应用场景

模拟交易场景

import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;

public class ExchangerDemo {
    private static Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
    static String goods = "电脑";
    static String money = "$4000";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        System.out.println("准备交易，一手交钱一手交货...");
        // 卖家
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("卖家到了，已经准备好货：" + goods);
                try {
                    String money = (String) exchanger.exchange(goods);
                    System.out.println("卖家收到钱：" + money);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();

        // 买家
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println("买家到了，已经准备好钱：" + money);
                    String goods = (String) exchanger.exchange(money);
                    System.out.println("买家收到货：" + goods);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();

    }
}

模拟队列中交换数据场景

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;

import java.util.UUID;

public class ExchangerDemo3 {

    private static ArrayBlockingQueue<String> fullQueue
            = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(5);
    private static ArrayBlockingQueue<String> emptyQueue
            = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(5);
    private static Exchanger<ArrayBlockingQueue<String>> exchanger
            = new Exchanger<>();


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Producer()).start();
        new Thread(new Consumer()).start();

    }

    /**
     * 生产者
     */
    static class Producer implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            ArrayBlockingQueue<String> current = emptyQueue;
            try {
                while (current != null) {
                    String str = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                    try {
                        current.add(str);
                        System.out.println("producer：生产了一个序列：" + str + ">>>>>加入到交换区");
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                        System.out.println("producer：队列已满，换一个空的");
                        current = exchanger.exchange(current);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 消费者
     */
    static class Consumer implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            ArrayBlockingQueue<String> current = fullQueue;
            try {
                while (current != null) {
                    if (!current.isEmpty()) {
                        String str = current.poll();
                        System.out.println("consumer：消耗一个序列：" + str);
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("consumer：队列空了，换个满的");
                        current = exchanger.exchange(current);
                        System.out.println("consumer：换满的成功~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
}

应用场景总结

Exchanger 可以用于各种应用场景，具体取决于具体的 Exchanger 实现。常见的场景包括：

• 数据交换
  • 在多线程环境中，两个线程可以通过 Exchanger 进行数据交换。
• 数据采集
  • 在数据采集系统中，可以使用 Exchanger 在采集线程和处理线程间进行数据交换。