初次学习利用spring容器创建Bean对象的过程大致如下:
Controller层:
Service层:
Dao层:
配置文件:
以上这个过程,将 UserServiceImpl 的创建权交给Spring容器,然后从容器中获取 UserService进行操作,而 UserService 内部调用 Dao 的方法,所以我们发现问题在哪? Service层和Dao层的关系还是在依靠Java代码。
下面讲依赖注入,目的就是解决上面所说到的问题,更大程度的解耦。这种方式使业务层和持久层的依赖关系由 Spring 来维护。
set方法依赖注入
Controller层:
Service层:
Dao层:
配置文件:
以上就是通过 set方法 将 Dao 注入 Service 的过程。
PS:P命名空间注入
P命名空间注入本质也是set方法注入,但比起上述的set方法注入更加方便。
首先,需要引入P命名空间:
复制一下图中选中的部分,粘贴到选中行的下一行,并修改为如图所示,
接着再修改如下图,
这样即可!
有参构造方法依赖注入
UserService 实现类如下,
配置文件如下,
这样即可!
Bean的依赖注入的数据类型
(1)普通数据类型的注入
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private String company;
private int age;
public void setCompany(String company) {
this.company = company;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println(company+" : "+age);
System.out.println("UserDao save method running....");
}
}
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="company" value="字节跳动"></property>
<property name="age" value="15"></property>
</bean>
(2)集合数据类型(List<String>)的注入
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private List<String> strList;
public void setStrList(List<String> strList) {
this.strList = strList;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println(strList);
System.out.println("UserDao save method running....");
}
}
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="strList">
<list>
<value>aaa</value>
<value>bbb</value>
<value>ccc</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
(3)集合数据类型(List<User>)的注入
package com.itheima.domain;
public class User {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddr() {
return addr;
}
public void setAddr(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
private String addr;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", addr='" + addr + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private List<User> userList;
public void setUserList(List<User> userList) {
this.userList = userList;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println(userList);
System.out.println("UserDao save method running....");
}
}
<bean id="u1" class="com.itheima.domain.User">
<property name="name" value="张三"></property>
<property name="addr" value="beijing"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="u2" class="com.itheima.domain.User">
<property name="name" value="李四"></property>
<property name="addr" value="上海"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="list">
<list>
<ref bean="u1"></ref>
<ref bean="u2"></ref>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
</bean>
(4)集合数据类型( Map<String,User> )的注入
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private Map<String,User> userMap;
public void setUserMap(Map<String, User> userMap) {
this.userMap = userMap;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println(userMap);
System.out.println("UserDao save method running....");
}
}
<bean id="u1" class="com.itheima.domain.User">
<property name="name" value="张三"></property>
<property name="addr" value="beijing"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="u2" class="com.itheima.domain.User">
<property name="name" value="李四"></property>
<property name="addr" value="上海"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="a" value-ref="u1"></entry>
<entry key="b" value-ref="u2"></entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
</bean>
(5)集合数据类型(Properties)的注入
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private Properties properties;
public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println(properties);
System.out.println("UserDao save method running....");
}
}
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="properties">
<props>
<prop key="p1">aaa</prop>
<prop key="p2">bbb</prop>
<prop key="p3">ccc</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>