- 传统Builder模式
- 简单版Builder模式
- 总结
1. 传统建造者模式
1.1 需求
- 造电脑,有不同的品牌(苹果,联想),其中cpu和ram是必须的电脑组件,其他组件(keyboard, display, usbCount)是可选组件
1.2 类图
builder共四个角色
- Product: 最终要生成的对象,例如 Computer 实例
- Builder: 构建者的抽象基类(有时会使用接口代替)。其定义了构建Product的抽象步骤,其实体类需要实现这些步骤。其会包含一个用来返回最终产品的方法
Product getProduct()
- ConcreteBuilder: Builder的实现类
- Director: 决定如何构建最终产品的算法. 其会包含一个负责组装的方法
void Construct(Builder builder)
, 在这个方法中通过调用builder的方法,就可以设置builder,等设置完成后,就可以通过builder的getProduct()
方法获得最终的产品
1.3 代码
- 产品类
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public class Computer { private String cpu;//必须 private String ram;//必须 private int usbCount;//可选 private String keyboard;//可选 private String display;//可选 public Computer(String cpu, String ram) { this.cpu = cpu; this.ram = ram; } public void setUsbCount(int usbCount) { this.usbCount = usbCount; } public void setKeyboard(String keyboard) { this.keyboard = keyboard; } public void setDisplay(String display) { this.display = display; } @Override public String toString() { return "Computer{" + "cpu='" + cpu + '\'' + ", ram='" + ram + '\'' + ", usbCount=" + usbCount + ", keyboard='" + keyboard + '\'' + ", display='" + display + '\'' + '}'; } }
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- 建造者类
- 抽象类:抽象的建造者
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public abstract class ComputerBuilder { public abstract void setUsbCount(); public abstract void setKeyboard(); public abstract void setDisplay(); public abstract Computer getComputer(); //这个方法必须有 }
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- 真实建造者类(苹果,联想)
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public class MacComputerBuilder extends ComputerBuilder { //苹果电脑构建者类 private Computer computer; public MacComputerBuilder(String cpu, String ram) { computer = new Computer(cpu, ram); } @Override public void setUsbCount() { computer.setUsbCount(2); } @Override public void setKeyboard() { computer.setKeyboard("苹果键盘"); } @Override public void setDisplay() { computer.setDisplay("苹果显示器"); } @Override public Computer getComputer() { return computer; } } public class LenovoComputerBuilder extends ComputerBuilder { //联想电脑构建者类 private Computer computer; public LenovoComputerBuilder(String cpu, String ram) { computer=new Computer(cpu,ram); } @Override public void setUsbCount() { computer.setUsbCount(4); } @Override public void setKeyboard() { computer.setKeyboard("联想键盘"); } @Override public void setDisplay() { computer.setDisplay("联想显示器"); } @Override public Computer getComputer() { return computer; } }
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- 抽象类:抽象的建造者
- 指导者类 Director
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public class ComputerDirector { public void Construct(ComputerBuilder builder){ builder.setUsbCount(); builder.setDisplay(); builder.setKeyboard(); } }
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- 客户端调用
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public static void main(String[] args) { ComputerDirector director=new ComputerDirector();//1 ComputerBuilder builder=new MacComputerBuilder("I5处理器","三星125");//2 director.makeComputer(builder);//3 Computer macComputer=builder.getComputer();//4 System.out.println("mac computer:"+macComputer.toString()); ComputerBuilder lenovoBuilder=new LenovoComputerBuilder("I7处理器","海力士222"); director.makeComputer(lenovoBuilder); Computer lenovoComputer=lenovoBuilder.getComputer(); System.out.println("lenovo computer:"+lenovoComputer.toString()); }
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2. 简化版 建造者模式
这种方式不需要 ConcreteBuilder
2.1 如何实现
- 在Computer 中创建一个静态内部类 Builder,然后将Computer 中的参数都复制到Builder类中。
- 在Computer中创建一个private的构造函数,参数为Builder类型
- 在Builder中创建一个
public
的构造函数,参数为Computer中必填的那些参数,cpu 和ram。 - 在Builder中创建设置函数,对Computer中那些可选参数进行赋值,返回值为Builder类型的实例
- 在Builder中创建一个
build()
方法,在其中构建Computer的实例并返回
2.2 代码
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public class Computer { private final String cpu;//必须 private final String ram;//必须 private final int usbCount;//可选 private final String keyboard;//可选 private final String display;//可选 private Computer(Builder builder){ this.cpu=builder.cpu; this.ram=builder.ram; this.usbCount=builder.usbCount; this.keyboard=builder.keyboard; this.display=builder.display; } public static class Builder{ private String cpu;//必须 private String ram;//必须 private int usbCount;//可选 private String keyboard;//可选 private String display;//可选 public Builder(String cup,String ram){ this.cpu=cup; this.ram=ram; } public Builder setUsbCount(int usbCount) { this.usbCount = usbCount; return this; } public Builder setKeyboard(String keyboard) { this.keyboard = keyboard; return this; } public Builder setDisplay(String display) { this.display = display; return this; } public Computer build(){ return new Computer(this); } } //省略getter方法 }
- 如何调用
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Computer computer=new Computer.Builder("因特尔","三星") .setDisplay("三星24寸") .setKeyboard("罗技") .setUsbCount(2) .build();
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3. 总结
- 建造者模式唯一区别于工厂模式的是针对复杂对象的创建。也就是说,如果创建简单对象,通常都是使用工厂模式进行创建,而如果创建复杂对象,就可以考虑使用建造者模式
- 如果创建的产品种类只有一种,只需要一个具体建造者,这时可以省略掉抽象建造者,甚至可以省略掉指挥者角色。