设计模式——行为型模式_模板方法模式

• 代码
• 总结

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1. 类图

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2. 代码

• 总抽象类Game——提供模板

public abstract class Game {
   abstract void initialize();
   abstract void startPlay();
   abstract void endPlay();
 
   public final void play(){    //模板
      initialize();    //初始化游戏 
      startPlay();    //开始游戏 
      endPlay();    //结束游戏
   }
}

• 具体实现类

public class Cricket extends Game { 
   @Override
   void endPlay() {
      System.out.println("Cricket Game Finished!");
   } 
   @Override
   void initialize() {
      System.out.println("Cricket Game Initialized! Start playing.");
   } 
   @Override
   void startPlay() {
      System.out.println("Cricket Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
   }
}

public class Football extends Game { 
   @Override
   void endPlay() {
      System.out.println("Football Game Finished!");
   } 
   @Override
   void initialize() {
      System.out.println("Football Game Initialized! Start playing.");
   } 
   @Override
   void startPlay() {
      System.out.println("Football Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
   }
}

• 客户端调用

public class TemplatePatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      Game game = new Cricket();
      game.play();
      System.out.println();
      game = new Football();
      game.play();      
   }
}

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3. 总结

优点：

• 提供了模板，封装不变部分，扩展可变部分
• 代码复用

注：

• 为防止恶意操作，一般模板方法都加上 final 关键词

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