scrapy爬取起点小说+使用ip代理

scrapy爬取起点小说+使用ip代理

一、概述
本篇的目的是运用scrapy爬取起点的全本小说，并使用ip代理，至于scrapy的安装直接pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple 使用豆瓣源，或者阿里、腾讯。

二、创建项目
1.在命令行中创建项目，输入scrapy startproject 项目名。
2.cd 项目名。
3.scrapy genspider 爬虫名 目标网站的域名。

三、项目编写
1.item.py的编写

import scrapy

class QidianItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    book_name = scrapy.Field() #书名
    name = scrapy.Field() # 每一章的名
    text = scrapy.Field() #内容

2.spider.py的编写

import scrapy
from QiDian.items import QidianItem

class QidianSpiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'Qidian_spider'
    allowed_domains = ['qidian.com']
    start_urls = ['https://read.qidian.com/chapter/qOvyhrClna3hI-Ha6N4TBg2/dqt_qJVpkVC2uJcMpdsVgA2']

    def parse(self, response):
        texts = ''
        book_name = response.xpath('//title/text()').get()[:7]
        title = response.xpath('//span[@class="content-wrap"]/text()').extract()[0]
        text = response.xpath('//div[@class="read-content j_readContent"]/p/text()').getall()
        for i in text:
            texts += i.strip()
        item = QidianItem()
        item['name'] = title
        item['text'] = texts
        item['book_name'] = book_name
        yield item
        next_url = 'https:'+response.xpath('//a[@id="j_chapterNext"]/@href').get()
        if next_url:
            yield scrapy.Request(next_url,callback=self.parse)

3.piplines.py的编写

import os

class QidianPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        title=str(item['name'])+'.txt'
        if str(item['book_name']):
            filepath='F:\文件'+os.path.sep+str(item['book_name'])
            if not os.path.exists(filepath):
                os.mkdir(filepath)
        filepaths=filepath+os.path.sep+title
        with open(filepaths,'w',encoding='utf-8')as f:
            f.write(str(item['text']))
        return item

4.settings的编写
此处True改为False
增加请求头

此处使用ip代理需要使用

此处去点注释

添加ip代理池

5.middlewares.py的编写

import random

from scrapy import signals
from QiDian.settings import IPPOOL

class QidianDownloaderMiddleware(object):

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        thisip=random.choice(IPPOOL)
        print('this ip is:'+ thisip['ipaddr'])
        request.meta['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'http://'+ thisip['ipaddr']

最后通过在终端运行scrapy crawl 爬虫名即可运行爬虫