java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hamcrest/SelfDescribing

1 初学spring5时，进行入门测试，手动导入jar包

报出如下错误：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hamcrest/SelfDescribing
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:763)
        at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:467)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:368)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:362)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:361)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
        at org.junit.internal.builders.JUnit4Builder.runnerForClass(JUnit4Builder.java:10)
        at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
        at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
        at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
        at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
        at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36)
        at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
        at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
        ... 22 more
Process finished with exit code -1

2 NoClassDefFoundError可能出现的情况

目前有发现这种情况
1、一种情况就是因为静态变量加载不到原因

3 解决方案：
更换junit 版本：junit4 刚开始用的junit-4.12.jar版本，但是报了以上错误，换成了其他版本junit-4.8.2.jar，测试成功

不过要注意的是 NoClassDefFoundError和ClassNotfoundException异常出现原因类似，都是因为编译加载不到类导致的，但是却有本质的区别。

两者的本质区别就是：
ClassNotfoundException时在编译时JVM加载不到类或者找不到类导致的；
而NoClassDefError是在运行时JVM加载不到类或者找不到类