Android 多媒体(二)——调用摄像头和相册

一、使用摄像头拍照

新建一个空项目day14_CameraAlbumTest

布局:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:text="拍照"/>
    
    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>

</LinearLayout>

如何实现调用摄像头:

  1. 创建一个File对象,存放摄像头拍下的图片
  2. 调用getExternalCacheDir()获取缓存目录,存放图片
  3. 接下来为了适配,如果Android版本低于7.0,直接将图片转化为Uri对象;否则调用getUriForFile()转化为封装后的Uri对象【用内容提供器】,参数一:context,参数二:任意的唯一字符串,参数三:File对象
  4. 构建Intent对象,将其action指定为android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE。用putExtra()指定图片输出地址为Uri对象
  5. 最后调用startActivityForResult()隐式启动intent,这样返回的图片会输出为图片文件
  6. onActivityResult()判断图片是否成功返回,如果成功,调用BitmapFactory.decodeStream()将图片解析为Bitmap对象,再显示出来
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ImageView imageView_picture;
    private Uri imageUri;
    public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    try {
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        imageView_picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "未拍照", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        imageView_picture = findViewById(R.id.picture);
        Button button_takePhoto = findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        button_takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
                try {
                    if (outputImage.exists()) {
                        outputImage.delete();
                    }
                    outputImage.createNewFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
                    imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, getPackageName() + ".fileprovider", outputImage);
                } else {
                    imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
                }
                Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
            }
        });
    }
}

  1. 将第 3 步 用到的内容提供器添加注册,android:name属性值固定,android:authorities和第二个参数一致,<meta-data>指定Uri的共享路径,并引用了一个@xml/filepaths资源
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.day14_cameraalbumtest">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
       ......
        <provider
            android:authorities="com.example.day14_cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
        </provider>
    </application>

</manifest>
  1. 第 7 步的文件还不存在,现在创建。在res目录新建一个xml目录,下面新建file_path.xml文件,然后修改其中内容,name随便填,path表示要共享的目录:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path
        name="my_images"
        path="." />
</paths>
  1. 为了适配Android 4.4之前的手机,还要声明访问SD卡的权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

运行:
在这里插入图片描述

二、从相册选取照片

改布局:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:text="拍照"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/choose_photo"
        android:text="选照片"/>

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>

</LinearLayout>

如何实现从相册选取图片:

  1. 运行时权限处理,申请WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE这个危险权限,需要读写SD卡的能力
  2. 申请成功则继续构建Intent对象,指定actionandroid.intent.action.GET_CONTENT。用setType()设置返回类型为图片
  3. 调用startActivityForResult()隐式启动intent
  4. 回调onActivityResult()判断图片是否成功返回,如果成功,对4.4以上系统采用handleImageOnKitkat(),对4.4以下系统采用handleImageBeforeKitkat()
  5. handleImageOnKitkat():
    • 返回的uri 如果是document类型,取出document id处理获取路径图片
      • 如果Uriauthoritymedia格式的话,document id 还要再一步处理才能获取路径图片
    • 不是的话则普通方式处理,直接获得路径图片
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ImageView imageView_picture;
    private Uri imageUri;
    public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
    public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    try {
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        imageView_picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "未拍照", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
                        handleImageOnKitkat(data);
                    } else {
                        handleImageBeforeKitkat(data);
                    }
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "未选择图片", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void handleImageBeforeKitkat(Intent data) {
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        String imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }

    @TargetApi(19)
    private void handleImageOnKitkat(Intent data) {
        String imagePath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if ("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                String id = docId.split(":")[1];
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
                imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
            } else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
            }
        } else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
        } else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            imagePath = uri.getPath();
        }
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }

    private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
        if (imagePath != null) {
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
            imageView_picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "图片加载错误!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    private String getImagePath(Uri externalContentUri, String selection) {
        String path = null;
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(externalContentUri, null, selection, null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    openAlbum();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "申请权限被拒绝", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        imageView_picture = findViewById(R.id.picture);
        Button button_takePhoto = findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        button_takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
                try {
                    if (outputImage.exists()) {
                        outputImage.delete();
                    }
                    outputImage.createNewFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
                    imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, getPackageName() + ".fileprovider", outputImage);
                } else {
                    imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
                }
                Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
            }
        });

        Button button_choosePhoto = findViewById(R.id.choose_photo);
        button_choosePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
                } else {
                    openAlbum();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void openAlbum() {
        Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO);
    }
}

选取照片需要暂时豁免 Q 的外部存储沙箱限制,即在AndroidManifest.xml中插入一句:

android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"

运行:
在这里插入图片描述

  • 1
    点赞
  • 7
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值