本文参考《Android第一行代码》第八章的内容。
用Android Studio新建一个CameraAlbumTest项目:
activity_main.xml文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<Button
android:id="@+id/take_photo"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Take photo"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Choose From Album"/>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/picture"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
/>
</LinearLayout>
两个button分别添加拍照事件和从相册选取照片事件,ImageView用于显示图片。
MainActivity的代码如下:
package com.example.administrator.cameraalbumtest;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO=1;
public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO=2;
private ImageView picture;
private Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button takePhoto=(Button)findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
Button choosePhoto=(Button)findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
picture=(ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
//创建file对象用于存储拍照后的图片
File outputImage=new File(getExternalCacheDir(),"output_image.jpg");
try {
if(outputImage.exists()){
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=24){//android7.0以上的版本特殊处理
imageUri= FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this,"com.example.adminidtrator.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider",outputImage
);
}else{
imageUri=Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
}
//启动相机程序
Intent intent=new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
}
});
choosePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
}else{
openAlbum();
}
}
});
}
private void openAlbum(){
Intent intent=new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent,CHOOSE_PHOTO);//打开相册
}
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,String[] permissions,int[] grantResults){
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==getPackageManager().PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
openAlbum();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this,"You denied the permission",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
}
}
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode,int resultCode,Intent data){
switch(requestCode){
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if(resultCode==RESULT_OK){
try{
Bitmap bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}catch (FileNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if(resultCode==RESULT_OK){
//判断手机系统版本号
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=19){
//4.4及以上使用这个方法处理
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
}else{
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data){
String imagePath=null;
Uri uri=data.getData();
if(DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
String docId=DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
String id =docId.split(":")[1];
String selection =MediaStore.Images.Media._ID+"="+id;
imagePath=getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
}else if("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
Uri contentUri= ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath=getImagePath(contentUri,null);
}
}else if("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
//如果是content类型的Uri,则使用普通的方式处理
imagePath=getImagePath(uri,null);
}else if("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
//如果是file类型的Uri,直接获取图片路即可
imagePath=uri.getPath();
}
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data){
Uri uri=data.getData();
String imagePath=getImagePath(uri,null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private String getImagePath(Uri uri,String selection){
String path =null;
//通过Uri和selection来获取中真实图片的路径
Cursor cursor=getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null);
if(cursor!=null){
if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
path=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
private void displayImage(String imagePath){
if(imagePath!=null){
Bitmap bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}else{
Toast.makeText(this,"failed to get image",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
注:
*应用关联缓存目录:*SD卡中专门用于存放当前应用缓存数据的位置,调用getExternalCacheDir()方法可以得到这个目录,具体的路径是/sdcard/Android/data//cache。从android6.0开始读写SD卡被列为危险权限,如果把图片放到其他目录,都要进行运行时权限处理,而使用应用关联目录可以跳过这一步。
- 在AndroidManifest.xml文件中对内容提供器进行:
<provider
android:authorities="com.example.adminidtrator.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
</provider>
用来指定Uri的共享路径,并引用@xml/file_paths资源,需要创建这个资源。
新建一个xml的目录Directory,后新建一个xml文件file_paths.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-path name="my_image" path=""/>
</paths>
在Android4.4之前访问SD卡的应用关联目录也要声明权限,4.4之后就不再需要了。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
目前该实现方法,可能得到的图片体积过大,直接加载到内存中可能会导致程序崩溃。更好的办法是先对图片进行压缩。压缩办法待查阅相关资料。。。