Typescript

TS学习-base

一、基础类型

布尔类型

let bool:boolean = false //直接赋值
let bool1:boolean
bool1 = false //先声明变量再赋值

数值类型

let num:number = 123
num = 123 
num = 0b11010101 //二进制
num = 0o173 //八进制
num = 0x7b //十六进制

字符类型

let str:string
str = "123"
str = "liaomei"
//模板字符串
str = `数值是${num}`
console.log(str) //打印数值是123

数组类型

//写法一
let arr:number[] 
arr = [1,2,3]
//写法二
let arr1:Array<number>
arr1 = [1,2,3]
//混合数组 写法一
let arr2:(string|number)[]
arr2 = [1,'liao']
//混合数组 写法二
let arr3:Array<string|number>
arr3 = [1,'mei']

元组类型

//元组类型 规定长度及类型
let tuple:[string,number,boolean]
tuple = ["liao",1,false]

枚举类型

enum Roles{
    SUPER_ADMIN,
    ADMIN = 4,
    USER
}
console.log(Roles.SUPER_ADMIN) //0 //通过属性名查找
console.log(Roles.USER) //5
console.log(Roles[4]) //ADMIN  通过值查找

any类型

let value:any //任意类型都可以 尽量少的使用
value = 1
value = '123'
value = false
//定义一个任意类型的数组
let arr4:any[] = [1,'s',false]

void类型

const consoleText = (text:string):void =>{
    console.log(text)
}
consoleText("asd")
//undefined和null都可以赋给void类型
let v:void
v = undefined
v = null

null和undefined

let u:undefined 
u = undefined
// u = 123  报错 不能讲123赋给undefined类型
let n:null
n = null
num = undefined
num = null

never类型

const errorFun = (message:string) =>{
    throw new Error(message)
}
const infiniteFun = () =>{
    while(true){}
}

object类型

let obj ={
    name:'liaomei'
}
let obj1 = obj
obj1.name = 'lili'
console.log(obj)
function getObject(obj:object):void{
    console.log(obj)
}
getObject(obj1)

类型断言

//类型断言 两种方式 (target as string)或者<string>target
const getLength = (target:string | number):number =>{
    if((target as string).length || (target as string).length === 0){
        return (target as string).length
    }else{
        return target.toString().length
    }
}
console.log(getLength("123"))
console.log(getLength(123))