Mysql中一对多和多对一的理解

10、多对一处理

10.1、按照查询嵌套处理

实体类Student

public class Student{
    
    private Integer id;
    
    private String name;
    private Teacher teacher;


    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", teacher=" + teacher +
                '}';
    }
}

Teacher

public class Teacher {
    
    private Integer id;
    
    private String name;


    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

接口

public interface StudentMapper {
    public List<Student> getStudent();
    public Teacher getTeacher(int id);
}

<mapper namespace="com.maple.dao.StudentMapper">
    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="id"></result>
        <result property="name" column="name"></result>
        <!--复杂的属性，单独处理
        对象：association
        集合：collection
        -->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
        
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
        SELECT * FROM student;
    </select>
    <select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

10.2、按照结果嵌套处理

<!--按照结果嵌套处理-->
    <select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2">
        SELECT s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname
        FROM student s,teacher t
        WHERE s.tid=t.id;
    </select>
    
    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="sid"/>
        <result property="name" column="sname"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

11、一对多处理

比如一个老师拥有多个学生！

环境

public class Teacher {
    
    private Integer id;
    
    private String name;
    //一个老师拥有多个学生
    private List<Student> students;

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", students=" + students +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Student{
    
    private Integer id;
    
    private String name;
    
    private Integer tid;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getTid() {
        return tid;
    }

    public void setTid(Integer tid) {
        this.tid = tid;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", tid=" + tid +
                '}';
    }
}

<mapper namespace="com.maple.dao.TeacherMapper">
    
    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"/>
        <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        <collection property="students" ofType="Student">
            <result property="id" column="tid"/>
            <result property="name" column="sname"/>
            <result property="tid" column="tid"/>
        </collection>

    </resultMap>
    <select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
        SELECT s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname,t.id tid
         FROM student s,teacher t
         WHERE s.tid=t.id and t.id=#{tid}
    </select>
    <!--=======================================================-->
    <select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE id=#{tid}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
        <collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStuentByTeacherId" column="id"></collection>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getStuentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
        SELECT * FROM student WHERE tid=#{tid}
    </select>
</mapper>

小结

1. 关联-association【多对一】
2. 集合-collection 【一对多】
3. javaType &ofType
   1. javaType用来指定实体类中的属性类型
   2. ofType用来指定映射到List或者集合中的pojo类型，泛型中的约束类型！

注意点：

• 保证SQL的可读性，尽量保证通俗易懂
• 注意一对多和多对一中，属性名和字段的问题
• 如果问题不好排错，可以使用日志，建议使用Log4j

面试高频

• Mysql引擎
• innoDB底层原理
• 索引
• 索引优化！