学习目标
JDBC: 1. 概念:Java DataBase Connectivity Java 数据库连接, Java语言操作数据库 JDBC本质:其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。
各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类。
2. 快速入门: 步骤: 1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar 1.复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下 2.右键-->Add As Library 2. 注册驱动 3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection 4. 定义sql 5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement 6. 执行sql,接受返回结果 7. 处理结果 8. 释放资源
实现连接数据库:
public class JDBCDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//3.获取数据库连接对象
Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
String sql="insert into user values(null,'root','root')";
//4.定义sql语句
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//8.释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
Connection:数据库连接对象 1. 功能: 1. 获取执行sql 的对象 * Statement createStatement() * PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 2. 管理事务: * 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务 * 提交事务:commit() * 回滚事务:rollback() 3. Statement:执行sql的对象 1. 执行sql 1. boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql 了解 2. int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create,alter、drop)语句 * 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过这个影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功 返回值>0的则执行成功,反之,则失败。 3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句
实现增删改查
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* account表 添加一条记录 insert 语句
*/
public class JDBCDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2. 定义sql
String sql = "insert into account values(null,'王五',3000)";
//3.获取Connection对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//4.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);//影响的行数
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if(count > 0){
System.out.println("添加成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("添加失败!");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//stmt.close();
//7. 释放资源
//避免空指针异常
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* account表 修改记录
*/
public class JDBCDemo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//3.定义sql
String sql = "update account set balance = 1500 where id = 3";
//4.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if(count > 0){
System.out.println("修改成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("修改失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//7.释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* account表 删除一条记录
*/
public class JDBCDemo4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//3.定义sql
String sql = "delete from account where id = 3";
//4.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
if(count > 0){
System.out.println("删除成功!");
}else{
System.out.println("删除失败");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//7.释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* 执行DDL语句
*/
public class JDBCDemo5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//3.定义sql
String sql = "create table student (id int , name varchar(20))";
//4.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//7.释放资源
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
import java.sql.*;
/**
* 执行DDL语句
*/
public class JDBCDemo6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1. 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3", "root", "root");
//3.定义sql
String sql = "select * from account";
//4.获取执行sql对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//5.执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//6.处理结果
//6.1 让游标向下移动一行
rs.next();
//6.2 获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString("name");
double balance = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);
//6.1 让游标向下移动一行
rs.next();
//6.2 获取数据
int id2 = rs.getInt(1);
String name2 = rs.getString("name");
double balance2 = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id2 + "---" + name2 + "---" + balance2);
//6.1 让游标向下移动一行
rs.next();
//6.2 获取数据
int id3 = rs.getInt(1);
String name3 = rs.getString("name");
double balance3 = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id3 + "---" + name3 + "---" + balance3);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//7.释放资源
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果 * boolean next(): 游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,
如果不是则返回true * getXxx(参数):获取数据 * Xxx:代表数据类型 如: int getInt() , String getString() * 参数: 1. int:代表列的编号,从1开始 如: getString(1) 2. String:代表列名称。 如: getDouble("balance") * 注意: * 使用步骤: 1. 游标向下移动一行 2. 判断是否有数据 3. 获取数据
//循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾。 while(rs.next()){ //获取数据 //6.2 获取数据 int id = rs.getInt(1); String name = rs.getString("name"); double balance = rs.getDouble(3);System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance); }
PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象
PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象
1. SQL注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题
1. 输入用户随便,输入密码:a' or 'a' = 'a
2. sql:select * from user where username = 'fhdsjkf' and password = 'a' or 'a' = 'a'
2. 解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决
3. 预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符
4. 步骤:
1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
2. 注册驱动
3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
4. 定义sql
* 注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。 如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;
5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement Connection.prepareStatement(String sql)
6. 给?赋值:
* 方法: setXxx(参数1,参数2)
* 参数1:?的位置编号 从1 开始
* 参数2:?的值
7. 执行sql,接受返回结果,不需要传递sql语句
8. 处理结果
9. 释放资源
5. 注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作
1. 可以防止SQL注入
2. 效率更高
设置Bean类
public class UserDao {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
连接数据库
import com.web.domain.UserDao;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class JDBCDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
String sql="select *from user";
PreparedStatement pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
ResultSet rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
conn.commit();
List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
while(rs.next()){
String username=rs.getString("username");
String password=rs.getString("password");
UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
userDao.setUsername(username);
userDao.setPassword(password);
list.add(userDao);
}
conn.close();
pstmt.close();
Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
UserDao userDao= it.next();
System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getPassword());
}
}
}
优化
import com.web.domain.UserDao;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class JDBCDemo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Connection conn=null;
PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
ResultSet rs=null;
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
String sql="select *from user";
pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
conn.commit();
List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
while(rs.next()){
String username=rs.getString("username");
String password=rs.getString("password");
UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
userDao.setUsername(username);
userDao.setPassword(password);
list.add(userDao);
}
Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
UserDao userDao= it.next();
System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getPassword());
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(conn!=null) conn.close();
if(pstmt!=null) pstmt.close();
}
}
}
设置JDBC的连接工具类
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
//JDBC工具类
public class JDBCutils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
//文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块
static {
//读取资源文件,获取值。
try {
//1. 创建Properties集合类。
Properties pro = new Properties();
//获取src路径下的文件的方式--->ClassLoader 类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader=JDBCutils.class.getClassLoader();
URL res=classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
String path=res.getPath();
//2. 加载文件
pro.load(new FileReader(path));
//3. 获取数据,赋值
url = pro.getProperty("url");
user = pro.getProperty("user");
password = pro.getProperty("password");
driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
//4. 注册驱动
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接
* @return 连接对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 释放资源
* @param stmt
* @param conn
*/
public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if( rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if( conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
jdbc文件
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
user=root
password=root
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
连接
import com.web.domain.UserDao;
import com.web.utils.JDBCutils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class JDBCDemo4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Connection conn=null;
PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
ResultSet rs=null;
conn= JDBCutils.getConnection();
String sql="select *from user";
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
conn.commit();
List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
while(rs.next()){
String username=rs.getString("username");
String password=rs.getString("password");
UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
userDao.setUsername(username);
userDao.setPassword(password);
list.add(userDao);
}
Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
UserDao userDao= it.next();
System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getPassword());
}
JDBCutils.close(rs,pstmt,conn);
}
}